Macro

Introduction Macro environment analysis remains to be one of the basic initial steps in any strategic analysis (Williams Adrian, 1997). Therefore, this paper provides a PEST Analysis of a movie industry while using ‘A Horror Show at the Cinemaplex’ as a case study in its analysis.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Macro-Environment Analysis of ‘A Horror Show at the Cinemaplex’ Using PESTE Approach specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More PEST approach is an analysis of the macro environment that involves scanning the external environment of a business entity. It helps to understand the political, socio-cultural, economic and technological environments. It is a useful tool that is used to evaluate the market by determining whether there is decline or growth in business activities. Therefore, it provides the organization with various options that the organization can implement to direct its bus iness activities. Macro-environment analysis Political/Legal factor Order of Importance Issue +/- Effect on Growth 1 Change of policy: The policy that was adopted by FCC which required all broadcasters to change to digital technology by mid of 2009 is ascribed to have had a high impact on the film industry. + (for expansion of movie theater industry) 2 Price Changes: Price wars at retail level that occurred during the Christmas period of 2008 resulted to a drop of HD players below 200 dollars. -(Enabled potential customers to acquire their own home theater) 3 Home theater competition: Rivalry of the home theaters systems with movie theater industry -(theater industry) +(potential customers) 4 Programming Issues/ Policy Issues: Unbalanced show of the advertisements and movies during Movie Theater sessions. -(potential customers) +(for theater industry) 5 Large screen policy: The sole value proposition that is offered by large screens of movie theaters. +(overall) 6 T echnology changeover policy: The theater industry was slow in adopting new technologies. -(overall ) 7 Court Rulings: The supreme court ruling of 1948 against the studios encouraged competition in the industry +(for customers) -(for the theater industry) Overall Rating: +/-BALANCED Economic factor Order of Importance Issue +/- Effect on Growth 1 Revenue turnover: Revenues have maintained to be high. +(theater industry) Sales of alternative products: Massive sales of DVDs and subsequent expansion of their technology. +(potential customers) -(theater industry) 2 Slow income growth rate: Its growth has been slow. For instance, for a period spanning from 1997 to 2007, revenue increased only by five percent. -(Overall) 3 Slow market growth rate: Stagnation of the consumer market despite increase in population -(overall) 4 Production costs: The movie investment required a large capital base. This formed some basis as to why the industry experienced some decline as t he success formula for this industry became elusive. -(theater industry) 5 High production costs: The cost of making a typical feature was too high in the current times as it has increased by 25 percent. -(overall) 6 High auxiliary costs: A part from production costs; other associated costs such as marketing remained to be high as they even accounted for a third of the entire production costs. -(overall) Overall rating: – NEGATIVE Socio-cultural factor Order of Impact / Importance Issue +/- Effect on Growth 1 Growth of theaters: Numbers of theaters have declined -(overall) Growth of screens: The screens numbers have over the time remained constant. +(overall) 2 Entertainment demography: Demographic data shows that customers in the market spends substantial amount of time on entertainment in a year since an average American dedicates 3500 hours for entertainment annually but only spends 12 hours watching movies. + (overall) 3 Theater as a necessity: It i s also noted in the case study that the ability of the audience being provided by what they do not have in their homes is highly diminishing since they can get the same from the comfort of their homes. -(theater industry) 4 Ancient social imbalance: Television technology that was believed to be a preserve of the rich only is now available and accessible to all classes of people which provide cinema experience to them. +(overall) 5 Taste varieties: Little differences in services offered in the movie industry since they show almost the same movies and other services such as food remain identical. -(overall) 6 Appeal for Movie Theater: A good opportunity to go out of the house; An ideal location for a date. +(overall) Overall rating: + POSITIVE Technological factor Order of Importance Issue +/- Effect on Growth 1 Technological changes: Technological revolutions in the cinema since digital technologies have resulted to high resolution of digitized images on the screen. +(overall) 2 LCD technology: Decline in manufacturing costs as a result of LCD technology for television screens and computers. +(overall) 3 Fall in television prices: Decline in prices of televisions which fell by 65 percent in the year 2007. This has resulted to more purchasing power on the part of the potential clients for their home theaters. -(theater industry) +(potential customers) 4 Packages at lower cost: DVD Players, large television screens and speaker components are currently packaged at a low cost. +(potential customers) -(theater industry) 5 DVD technologies: Penetration of the market by DVD players that are highly defined +(potential customers) -(theater industry) 6 high percentage content of HD: Provision of high percentage content of HD to customers by cable and satellite television providers. +(potential customers) -(theater industry) Overall: + POSITIVE Environmental factor Order of Importance Issue +/- Effect on Growth 1 Environmental disru ptions: Disruptions such as cell phones, unending adverts during the show, rude patrons which characterize the environment of operation of the theater industry. -(overall) 2 Environmental relevance of theater movies: Movies as a source of entertainment in the operating environment are still popular. +(theater industry) 3 Environmental opportunities for movie viewing: Opportunities that facilitate viewing movies outside the theaters have increased tremendously. +(overall) 4 Environmental popularity of movie theaters: Few people are going to theaters to watch movies +(theater industry) 5 Environmental segment of movie theater popularity: The core audience of the movie theater is young people between the ages of 12 years to 24 years old. -(theater industry) 6 Environmental attractions of movie theaters: Theatrical value of sound systems in movie theaters +(theater industry) Overall: + POSITIVE Summary of Macro-Environment Analysis Macro-environment analysis of ‘a h orror show at the cinemaplex’ using PESTE approach covers five aspects of the external environment of operation. Therefore, the analysis covered political, economic, societal, technological and environmental factors surrounding the organization in its business operations. For that matter, all these factors through the analysis done, it has been established that they have immense impacts on the business operations of the movie theater industry in either a positive or negative manner. To begin with, political factors have been found to offering both palatable and non palatable factors in a balanced form for the industry. For instance, since politics concerns crafting of policies in societies, there have been several policies that have been passed in the operating environment that have been both friendly and unfriendly to the movie theater industry. For example, a policy was adopted by FCC that required all broadcasters to change to digital technology by June of 2009. This polic y promoted home theater to the disadvantage of the movie theater industry.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In respect to societal analysis, the results of the case study indicates that the socio cultural factors in the environment offers more positive factors for movie theater industry as compared to its negative related factors. On the other hand, economic analysis indicates that there have been slow rate of growth in respect to revenue turnover of the film industry. For example, for the period of ten years, the revenue had only grown by five percent which is relatively low compared to that long span of time. Nonetheless, management of the film industry also became a challenge to the players in the industry since it required substantial amount of capital compared to other alternative sources of entertainment. Moreover, concerning technological analysis, it was establis hed that there have been various technological changes that have taken place which have impacted on industry performance. For example, there have been revolutions in the cinema industry since digital technologies which have resulted to high resolution of digitized images on the screen. This has made players in the industry to embrace the digital technologies as opposed to the traditional technology. Nonetheless, technological environment offer more positive factors to the theater industry as compared to negative factors. Lastly, concerning the environmental analysis, it was established that there was widespread complaints from customers concerning the environment from which they were subjected to view these movies. For example, it was affirmed by several customers that the environments were disorderly and some activities usually took place that acted as disruptions during move viewing. However, environmental factors still provides more positive factors for the theater industry as co mpared to negative attributed factors. Future Direction The movie theater industry is in future characterized by several developments that are likely to revolutionize the entire industry. Nonetheless, this revolution is likely to revolve around digital technology.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Macro-Environment Analysis of ‘A Horror Show at the Cinemaplex’ Using PESTE Approach specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The digital technology is likely to turn and revolutionize the movie theater industry by packaging these movie products into new digital media (Nelmes, 2001). For that matter, Movie Theater products are likely to expand and reach more potential clients than it is the case in the current times. Moreover, the future trends of the film industry is leading to an online showcasing where movie theater products will be marketed and exhibited using online technology. For instance, the technologi cal players’ are shaping the industry towards this direction. The best example is the YouTube technology which is an online service supported by Google. This technology enables viewing of movies and other films online. Therefore, it is evident that the future direction of the film industry is heading to online viewing which will enable film lovers to view their preferred film and film stars in any place irrespective of the geographical location. Internet technology will also turn out the film industry into a virtual film industry which is directly opposite to the current arrangement of the industry. The requirement that one needs to be in a certain physical location to entertain himself or herself from Movie Theater is likely to change due to amalgamation of internet technology. Consequently, due to faster development of internet technologies such as wireless devices and mobile technologies, several remote locations will be connected which were not covered with physical movie theaters (Kerr, 1986). As a result this is likely to increase the rate of people appreciating film industry as a resource for entertainment. Moreover, in respect to social aspects of the societies, there is a drastic shift in respect to social media and networks. The new and future pattern is the application of web 2.0 technologies which have been entrenched in diverse social networks (Pendakur, 1990). Therefore, the film and movie theater industry have no option but to appreciate this technologies and apply them in their operations.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In addition, the traditional film technology had been characterized by large sizes and bulkiness. However, technology is now transforming this approach by coming up with ubiquitous gadgets. This is going to shape the future of the film industry. It can be proved from the use of potable ICT devices that are already in use today and therefore, film industry is likely to take the same route. In addition, the trend of the technological improvement is going towards avatars and seamless standards which will be capable to move from one platform to another. As a result, the auxiliary technology will go through enhancements to have a better and improved 3 dimension visualization. Moreover, this will also help in saving substantial amount of capital since transfer from one format to the next will be highly valued in the film industry. Furthermore, economics will influence the film industry in a number of ways. For instance, due to economic crisis that constantly affect the world, it is likely to have adverse effects on the film industry. Therefore, the industry is likely to face some scarcity of resources in the near future since recession and ever declining consumer purchasing power is also likely to have some adverse effects to the industry (Benshoff n Sean, 2004). References Benshoff, H. Sean, G. (2004) America on film. UK, Blackwell Publishing. Kerr, P. (1986) The Hollywood film industry: a reader. New York, Routledge Kegan Paul plc. Nelmes, J. (2001) An Introduction to film Studies. New York, Routledge. Pendakur, M. (1990) The Political Economy of the Canadian Film Industry. Canada, Wayne State University Press. Williams, T. Adrian, G. (1997) The Business Approach training. England, Gower Publishing Ltd. This case study on Macro-Environment Analysis of ‘A Horror Show at the Cinemaplex’ Using PESTE Approach was written and submitted by user Adelynn P. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here. Macro

Human Cloning essays

Human Cloning essays Imagine a world without cancer, leukemia, baldness, kidney failure, heart disease, Alzheimers, Parkinsons, and dozens of other diseases. No couple would be infertile, and gay people could have children of their own. No more endangered species would be announced, and ones that are already endangered would have their population increased to a safe level. This is a world of human cloning. All of these things and more would be possible if humans were able to create genetic copies of other humans. If you think cloning humans is nothing but science fiction, and is hundreds of years away, you are greatly mistaken. It is likely that by the year 2005 we will have the first successfully cloned human baby. Scientists have already cloned other mammals, the first being Dolly, the sheep, and tadpoles were successfully cloned by John Gurdon during the 1970s. Cloning is no longer in the future, but very much in the present. Cloning is a developing procedure in which a genetic copy is made from an existing organism. Cloning humans takes a specific procedure called somatic cell nuclear transfer. Many myths surround the idea of cloning people. There are numerous benefits and reasons to clone human beings, but there are also many detractors. There is a lot of information about cloning out there, starting with the cloning procedure. Various ways to clone organisms exist, but the procedure that humans will probably be cloned by is called somatic sell nuclear transfer. Somatic cell nuclear transfer starts with an egg donor. The donor is just a carrier and has no relation to the clone whatsoever. A doctor then extracts the egg from the donor and further extracts the nucleus from the egg, creating an egg without a nucleus. Then, a cell is taken from the person to be cloned. This can be any cell which contains DNA. It can be taken from hair, skin, et cetera. This cell is then electronically fused with the egg that is mis...

Effective Corporate Governance- Developing an Effective Board or Essay

Effective Corporate Governance- Developing an Effective Board or Governance Team Academic Book - Essay Example governance†, the readers need to know who the members of the board of directors are including how these people are different from the executive members of a corporation (Daily and Schwenk; Pound, p. 94). Basically, making the target audiences know who we are referring to as the members of the board of directors will make it easier for them to understand internal and external factors that contributes to effective corporate governance. (Kindly insert an organizational chart in this chapter) After discussing the members of the top management in Chapter II, this chapter will focus of discussing the role and responsibilities of each members of the board. As part of discussing the role and responsibilities of the board of directors and executives of a corporation, highlighting some possible case scenarios may help the readers have a better understanding of effective corporate governance. The book writer will discuss the role of executive and non-executive directors in terms of making the business objectives work for the best interests of the company. (Mallin, p. 125) For example: Since the best way for executive and non-executive directors to perform their duty effectively is to have an access to the company’s business information (Waldo, p. 5), the board of directors should not only carefully analyze the corporate financial report but also meet the team members regularly to discuss the proposed strategic plans and issues that will significantly affect the success of the business (Solomon, p. 103). This chapter will discuss the following: (1) importance of corporate leadership among the members of the top management; (2) importance of having a third party check for any signs of unusual business practices in the financial statement; (3) importance of establishing an organizational culture that give priority to teamwork as well as ethical, fair and legal

Business Law Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 5

Business Law - Research Paper Example For any business or corporation to expand, agents are required in dealing with the third party on behalf of the employer (Jennings, 2012). Thus an agent is accorded authority to represent the principal when dealing with a third party. An agent may act implicitly or apparently, and thus the principal is bound to be liable to the agent’s actions and conducts when acted within the authorities accorded to him. The principal may also incur liability when the agent intentionally harms a third party (Jennings, 2012). The principal and the agent are liable for any loss or damages caused to the third party if the agent and principal’s identity are partially or fully undisclosed when dealing with the third party. A principal must indemnify the agent for any damages caused to third party if the agent acted within the actual authorities confided to him. The agent though, must indemnify the principal of any payments for any authorities exercised outside the stipulated actual or apparent authorities allowed. Fraud, extortion and other ills though may befall the third party when an agent assumes inherent powers by virtue of agent – third party relations. A popular and good example of this kind of scenario i s the Colorado Supreme Court case of Grease Monkey vs. Montoya (Jennings, 2012). Grease Monkey Holding Corporation is a Utah based corporation and Grease Monkey International Company is a fully owned subsidiary of Grease Monkey Holding Company. Arthur Sensenig was the President, Chief Operations Officer (COO) and Chairman of the Boards of Grease Monkey International, Inc. on a period between 1983 through 1991. He had broad authorities and acted as agent and chief officer of Grease Monkey. Sensenig was mandated with raising capital from banks and other lenders, up to $500,000 without the Boards approval (Davant, 2002). Between 1983 through 1991 Sensenig was able to extort money from Nick and Aver Montoya under the guise that it was an investment to Grease Monkey.

Sexual harassment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Sexual harassment - Essay Example the past several decades have witnessed a large group of women attaining higher education, both within and outside of the United States, and utilizing this education to compete within the domestic workforce. Although the exhibition of women in the workforce is still small as compared to men, it nonetheless represents a trend that promises to reverse much of the disparity that has previously been elaborated upon. As a function of this particular analysis, the author will discuss sexual harassment, define it, and seek to understand its determinants to a more full and complete degree;in the hopes that such an approach can more effectively engage stakeholders with useful methodologies for which it can be reduced within the future. Regardless of the inference that the reader can have upon this particular topic, it must be understood that creating a more proactive, rather than reactive, human resources department is the single most effective task that can be done in order to diminish sexua l harassment within any particular workplace. â€Å"Harassment can include â€Å"sexual harassment† or unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, and other verbal or physical harassment of a sexual nature†¦.Harassment does not have to be of a sexual nature, however, and can include offensive remarks about a person’s sex. For example, it is illegal to harass a woman by making offensive comments about women in general. Both victim and the harasser can be either a woman or a man, and the victim and harasser can be the same sex. Although the law doesn’t prohibit simple teasing, offhand comments, or isolated incidents that are not very serious, harassment is illegal when it is so frequent or severe that it creates a hostile or offensive work environment or when it results in an adverse employment decision (such as the victim being fired or demoted)† (EEC, 2014). Unfortunately, as might be expected, the introduction of women into the workforce has created a situation by

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) System

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) System Literature review 2.1 RFID The Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) system is a technology for automated  identification. Exploration of RFID technology dates back to 1948 when Harry Stockman published his  research titled Communication by means of the reflected power. Unfortunately technologies such as  integrated circuits, transistors and microprocessors were not yet available and RFID had to wait another  20 years for its first commercial application (Landt 2005). Between 1970 and 1980 several research  laboratories and academic institutions carried out work on RFID implementations for animal tracking,  theft prevention, item labelling and access control systems (Want 2006). Regardless of these  applications, RFID systems remained obscure for many years. The first significant change to this  occurred in the early nineties when companies across the world began to use RFID tags on a large scale  due advancements in their energy efficiency and size reductions (Landt 2005).   Todays systems are usually composed of either passive or active RFID tags and RFID readers.  Active tags contain their own power source and thereby can transmit stronger signals and can be  accessed from further distances. Most commonly they operate on the ultra-high frequency (UHF) band  and can achieve up to 100 metres range depending on the surrounding environment (Weinstein 2005).  There are currently two types of active tags. Transponders, also called semi-active tags, and Beacons.  Transponders stay in standby mode until receiving signal from the reader and then transmit a signal  back. Beacons emit signals and advertise their presence at pre-set intervals. Because of their on board  power source, active tags are expensive, priced from $20 to $70 and vary in size from 2 centimetres  upwards (Williams et al. 2014). Passive tags do not incorporate a power supply and are powered by the  electromagnetic signal received from the reader through the tags antenna. The y operate on low, high  and ultra-high frequency with signals ranging up to 10 metres depending on the tags backscatter power  (Weinstein 2005). The smallest passive tags can be size of a grain of rice and cost 1/10 of the price of  the active tag (Williams et al. 2014).   Silva, Filipe and Pereira (2008) proposes a RFID based student attendance recording system  that comprises of RFID readers operating at the 125 Kilohertz (KHz) frequency with an effective read  range up to 10 15 centimetres and passive RFID tags embedded into plastic cards. The tags store a  binary identifier which is unique to each student. Readers are connected to the local network with RJ45  connector through which they transfer scanned tag id to the server using the Transmission Control  Protocol / Internet Protocol (TCP/IP). At least one reader is mounted in each of the classrooms and  students need to take their card out and place it near the reader in order to register their attendance.   Nainan, Parekh and Shah (2013) claimed that a similar RFID attendance registration system setup  decreased the time needed to record a students attendance by 98% compared to the manual entry  method. Collected data shows that the RFID system was able to record the attendance of 5 students per  second, however considering the short effective read range we have to conclude that multiple readers  were used during that experiment to achieve such result. Despite advances over the paper based  registers, efficiency of attendance systems based on passive RFID tags is limited by the number of  readers located in the classroom. Analogous systems based on the active RFID technology could  increase ids collection efficiency by scanning multiple tags simultaneously from a further distance  (Yoon, Chung and Less 2008), however such systems would introduce a number of additional  technological and social issues. Bandwidth limitations coerce RFID tags to share a common broadcast  frequency and as a consequence multiple tags responding concurrently to the same reader can cause  packet collisions. Therefore to solve these issues, advanced anti-collision algorithms and methods must  be employed during development process (Bin, Kobayashi and Shimizu 2005). Increased reading range  additionally raises serious privacy concerns as the users location could be tracked without their own  consent (Ferguson, Thornley and Gibb, 2014). 2.2 Biometrics Numerous properties must be satisfied to categorise the biological measurement of a human  physiological or behavioural characteristic as biometrics. The characteristics should be unique, every  person should have it and it needs to be accessible so it can be measured. There are a number of different  studies exploring biometric authentication for attendance registration systems. 2.2.1 Voice recognition Recent experiments by Dey et al. (2014) explore the capabilities of an attendance registration  system based on voice recognition. The main core of the system is a Linux OS server integrated with a  computer telephony interface (CTI) card and pre-installed with interactive voice response (IVR)  software. The server is accessible only from the previously pre-defined phones which are installed in  the classrooms. Using installed phones users have to record a reference voice sample to enrol into the  system. During enrolment users are provided with a unique four digit speaker identification then they  are asked to read for 3 minutes text of their own choice. Enrolled users can register their attendance by  entering the previously received speaker identification number and then answering some simple random  questions generated by the system. The system logs user attendance if the recorded speech matches the  stored reference sample. Initial system evaluation performed o n the group of 120 students indicated  very low efficiency. In order to achieve 94.2% recognition rate, each user needs to produce at least a 50  seconds sample. Authentication time is additionally extended by an average 26 seconds computational  time needed to analyse provided speech sample. Additional limitations come with the maximum number  of 32 concurrent calls that each server can handle. In essence, a long compulsory enrolment process,  the unnecessary burden of remembering a personal speaker identification number and the poor  registration efficiency time make the system a poor candidate for large group registers.   2.2.2 Fingerprints According to Akinduyite et al. (2013) fingerprint attendance management systems can be more  reliable and efficient than the voice based equivalent. They have achieved 97.4% recognition accuracy  with an average registration time of 4.29 seconds per student. The system implements fingerprint  scanners connected to a centralised server through the existing Wi-Fi infrastructure. As with the voice  recognition system, an administrator has to capture reference fingerprint data from every user before  the system can be used. Collected fingerprint templates are stored on the server in a Microsoft SQL  Server database and later used to match scanned samples. Almost identical recognition rate of 98.57%  was achieved by Talaviya, Ramteke and Shete (2013) in the similar fingerprint system setup. Analogous  to the RFID based systems, the efficiency is closely related to the total number of the available scanners.   2.2.3 Automated Face recognition All of the prior systems require users to provide a biometric sample manually by using one of  the available scanners located in the environment. Kawaguchi et al. (2005) proposed a considerably  different solution which automates sample collection. They introduced a face recognition method based  on continuous observation. The system requires two cameras streaming live data to the centralized unit  with preinstalled face detection and recognition software. The first camera, called the sensing camera  is installed on the ceiling and points towards the rooms sitting area. The second camera, called the  capturing camera is located in front of the seats to capture students faces. The sensing camera scans  over the room in order to detect seats occupied by the students. Received image data is analysed using  the Active Student Detecting (ASD) method developed by Nishiguchi et al. (2003). Once a student is  detected, the system directs the capturing camera to the found lo cation. The face image collected from  the capturing camera is then processed by the system and the students attendance is recorded if a  matching template is found. Experiments in which the described system was evaluated on a group of  12 students revealed 80% accuracy in engaged seats detection and the same level during face detection.  The whole experiment took 79 minutes in which 8 scanning cycles were performed, resulting in 70%  total accuracy for the attendance registering. Despite advances in automated biometric samples  collection, the described system seems to be inefficient, especially if we consider time required to  collect and analyse samples on such small group of students. Additional issues may arise if there are  any obstructions in the room which can restrict the cameras view or if a low ceiling prevents sensing  camera from covering the entire seating area. 2.2.4 Summary The biometric systems have many advantages over the other authentication technologies. The  biometric characteristics are tightly linked to the owner and can prevent identity theft, are difficult to  duplicate and are very convenient as they are always available. Despite all these advances, all the  biometric systems share serious ethical, social and security implications. It was evidenced by many  researchers that there is a fear of biometric technologies on the whole. The individuals and potential  system users are concerned about privacy, autonomy, bodily integrity, dignity, equity and personal  liberty (Mordini and Tzovaras 2012; Kumar and Zhang 2010). The system administrators have  additional overhead with the security of the collected biometric data. The individual biometric  characteristic cannot be replaced if they get stolen, therefore the legal responsibilities whilst storing this  kind of data are colossal. 2.3 Wi-Fi An interesting and novel attendance registration method was proposed by Choi, Park and Yi  (2015). The authors created a system which incorporates Wi-Fi technology built into smartphone  devices. They had developed two versions of a smartphone application, one for the lecturers and one  for the students. When a class session starts the lecturer has to create a Wi-Fi Access Point (AP) using  his version of the application. The students attend the lecture and scan for the available Wi-Fi Access  Points and if the lecturers AP is discovered and students device stays in its range for specified amount  of time then attendance registration process is triggered. To overcome limitations with the maximum  number of concurrent connections that single AP can handle, the created students version scans only  for the nearby networks but never connects to the found APs. Attendance is registered by submitting a  Message Digests 5 (MD5) hash token that combines a Service Set Identif ier (SSID) of the found AP  and students smartphone Media Access Control (MAC) address. The hash token is uploaded to the  server which verifies submitted data and registers the students attendance in the local store. The system  architecture requires collection of the reference MAC address of all the students for the purpose of the  later validation. The study does not describe what smartphone models were used throughout the  experiment, but it seems that they did not consider privacy features on iOS devices. According to Apple  (2013), since the release of iOS 7.0, the MAC identifier is no longer accessible through third party  applications, moreover after iOS 8.0 release, real device MAC address is hidden from the access points  and swapped with a randomly generated one (Apple 2015 A). Taking into account that over 98% of  iOS devices run on iOS 7.0 and above (Apple 2015 B), only confirms that the proposed system design  should be reviewed again. 2.4 Other 2.4.1 QR Code with face recognition Fadi and Nael (2014) combined biometrics with Quick Response Codes (QR). The proposed  methodology requires lecturers to generate a unique QR code and display it in the class. In order to  register their attendance, students need to download a mobile application, install it on their smartphones  and use it to scan the presented QR code. The scanned code is then submitted to the server via the  existing University Wi-Fi infrastructure. Furthermore the application performs an identity check by  scanning the students facial image which is later used to create matching score by analysing a reference  image stored on the servers. Lecturer can manually validate submitted images to confirm a students  identity if a low matching score raises any concerns. The QR code image could be effortlessly forwarded  to other students outside the classroom, therefore the system also collects a location stamp on the code  submission. The apparent vulnerability of the system lies in the number of technologies that it depends  on. Authors assumed that every student will have a smartphone device with front and back facing  cameras for the facial images and the QR scans and also a Global Positioning System (GPS) module  which will be accessible during the registration stage. Each classroom has to be also equipped with a  large screen to present codes to the students and this may not always be available.  

edgar allan poe Essay -- essays research papers fc

Edgar Allan Poe was a nineteenth century author best known for his poetry and stories of terror, grief, revenge, and death. He based his stories on the influences of his childhood through much struggling. He finally achieved success at the end of his life. Edgar Allan Poe's parents were actors. His mother, Elizabeth Arnold, was the main attraction of the acting company. His father, David Poe, Jr., was a handsome but reckless man with a never ending compulsion to drink. When Edgar was still a baby, David Poe mysteriously deserted his family. His mother died shortly afterwards. Edgar Poe and his baby sister were then separated. Edgar was sent to live with Frances and John Allan by whom he felt neglected. He was in need of a maternal figure in his life. When the Allans' moved from to Virginia Edgar became infatuated with Mrs. Jane Standard, the mother of one of his classmates. He came to her when he felt unhappy at home.. He knew her for a year when she died at the age of 31, probably insane. Edgar suffered from her death and his behavior changed. He was just beginning to realize the power of his imagination and for a time he let his grief consume him (Magill's survey). Painful as this loss was , it eventually led to the creation of one of Poe's best-loved poems, " To Helen". In 1825 John Allan inherited a fortune from a wealthy uncle. Edgar was privately tutored to enter the University of Virginia. Edgar was accepted and went off to the University Of Virginia. He thrived in the unrestrictive university atmosphere. But John Allan would not give him enough money for his education. Poe turned to gambling and drinking (Gmoser). After the first term his college career was over. He was over two thousand in debt. John Allen refused to pay these debts or allow him to go back to school. In March of 1827 Poe went to Boston where he published his first book, using a false name. Tamerlane and Other Poems were published but only forty copies were printed. With little money and few friends Poe enlisted in the U.S. Army. .Poe did not like the army so he managed to get transferred to West Point. He did not do his work there so he was kicked out .He ended up going to live with relatives. Despite Poe's talent he was unable to achieve success in ... ... Annie and Ulalume. These poems also death with the theme of death. In Annabel Lee the narrator tells how he loved the maiden and how she loved him only. Then she died just like Virginia did. Poe was probably wishing he had died instead of the ones he loved. In Eldorado, Poe is telling how you should seek heaven when you are dead. Ulslume is a poem about the narrator going back to the tomb where he buried Ulalume a year ago. The narrator wants to know if the soul of the dead has left for the heaven. In these last poem's of Poe I feel that he wants to die and be with his loved ones. after Virginia died Poe had nothing to live for. After reading Poe's works you can see how his life had a great influence on his writings. If he had not suffered so much grief the brilliance of his dark imagination probably would have never come through. Works Cited 1)Lowen, Nancy. "Poe" 2)whasington square press. "Great Tales and Poems of Edgar Allan Poe" 3)Magill's Survey of American Literature. dar Allan Poe 4)Edgar Allan Poe/The work of Edgar Allan Poe (1809-1849. http://bau2.uibk.ac.at/sg/poe/Bio.html 5)Grolier Encyclopedia.