The Analysis of Business Structures - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2050 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Business Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? THE ANALYSIS OF BUSINESS STRUCTURES Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Analysis of Business Structures" essay for you Create order Whether or Not the Frequency and Regulation of Employeeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Pay Matter. ESSAY QUESTION A lot of research in economics has examined the effects of how and how much an employee is paid by her employer. Does it also matter when (i.e. how frequently) an employee is paid? If so, should the timing of pay be regulated by governments? Introduction The labour market is a competitive market where firm owners devise employeesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ pay in order to attract and retain staff at a minimum cost. In order to take full advantage of the sum of the principal and agentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s utility in the labour market and to reduce agency cost, the need for optimal contract arises and is vital for solving the incentive problem (Brickley et al., 2009). Pay has always been one of the vital issues in creating optimal contracts (Yeh et al., 2009). This writing seeks to explore the employee pay, which is one of the issues encountered in the labour market. The issues to be explored are; pay dispersion, whether the frequency of pay matters as well as whether or not the timing of pay should be regulated by the government. Empirical Evidences on the Effect of Employee Pay Dispersion Employee pay structure characteristics (i.e. performance-based and non-performance-based pay) can encourage or discourage turnover among employees, since hourly wages, salary or incentive pay act as key motivators for most employees (Rynes et al., 2004; Downes and Choi, 2014; Brickley et al., 2009; Fama, 1991). Equally important is the employee pay dispersion, which can also be referred to as pay variation or pay differential. To address this issue further, most researchersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ have found out that performance-based pay dispersion is generally motivating for firms and employees (Downes and Choi, 2014; Kepes et al., 2009; Shaw et al., 2002; Ding et al., 2009; Gupta et al., 2012). Furthermore, employees will react in a different manner depending on their position in the chain of command i.e. top level employee react optimistically to pay dispersion while low level employee responds pessimistically to increased pay dispersion. On the contrary, an empirical investigation carried out by Hunnes (2009) on wage dispersion shows that it is not easy to ascertain the effect of these changes on firmà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s performance. Having briefly discussed the effects of pay dispersion on employees and organisational performance, the next section seeks to explore the reason why the frequency of pay matters which is equally important in the structure of pay. Does Frequency of Pay Matter? The frequency of pay relates to how often employees are regularly paid by their employers for their efforts (Parsons and Van Wesep, 2013; Zhang, 2013a). According to Parsons and Van Wesep (2013) the frequency of pay should matter especially for employees who are paid less thereby encountering less savings buffer with which to smooth consumption (i.e., workers who earn less should be paid more frequently). For this reason, the frequency of pay is significantly important as a result of the regular expenditures (i.e. monthly bills) and self-control problems by employees not adhering to consumption schedule which has been pre-planned, thereby causing low savings (Parson and Van Wesep, 2013). In addition, the differences in workerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s education, financial sophistication and income are also considerable reasons why the frequency of pay matters (Parsons and Van Wesep, 2013). Contrary to Zhang (2013a) prediction, his empirical findings show that due to complex environment faced by different people when making decisions, timing differences in workers income can be of large consequence on the household consumption pattern of workers. Corroborating this view, Stephens and Unayama (2011) and Stephens (2006) supported this notion by concluding in their study that household consumption responds to the receipt of forecasted seasonal income variation. This occurs due to time inconsistency, mental accounting and budgeting heuristics in which inexperienced individuals predict their current income into the future (Zhang, 2013a; Zhang, 2013b). Apparently, the frequency of pay matters. Zhang (2013b) also supported Parsons and Van Wesep (2013) that individuals that are time inconsistent have present-biased preferences and exhibit problems with self-control. Furthermore, Hollensbe and Guthrie (2000) on a study of a group pay-for-performance plans, found that groups are extremely motivated in their job and will be committed to the challenging goals set by them if their pay is based on performance and frequent pay. On the contrary, Chung et al. (2010) examined the effects of incentive pay frequency on quality measures in a physician-specific pay-for-performance (P4P) experiment and found no degree of difference in the general quality measure scores based on the frequency of pay. Drawing on the ideas of different researchers on whether the frequency of pay matters, it is obvious that frequency of pay has some benefits. According to Parsons and Van Wesep (2013), the positive effect of the frequency of pay is more significant for workers who earn less and also, frequent pay leads to an increase in workersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ utility, reduction in the general wage the worker is eager to accept, and minimizes firm cost. Similarly, in order to avoid the huge consequence of household consumption pattern, the frequency of pay matters (Stephens, 2006; Stephens and Unayama, 2011; Zhang, 2013a). Frequency of pay can also help to avoid expected variation in the total of income received per consumption decision period (Zhang, 2013a; Zhang, 2013b). Plans with larger and enhanced frequency in bonus payment have greater motivation influence for workers (Hollensbe and Guthrie, 2000). Despite the overall benefits in favour of the frequency of pay, some researchers have found that it also has some undesirable effects on the firm. The benefit of frequency of pay to employees might sometimes lead to a variation that is unrelated to marginal utility of the firm pay (Parsons and Van Wesep, 2013). Moreover, frequent payment has been seen to be expensive as unstable employees encounter feast-famine consumption cycle during their period of pay (Parsons and Van Wesep, 2013). Based on the research reviewed to this point, most researchers have argued that the frequency of pay matters although limited research has been carried out on the effect of the frequency of pay. The next part seeks to explore whether or not the timing of pay should be regulated by the government in correlation to the frequency of pay. Should the Timing of Pay be regulated by the Government or Not? With all the benefits in alignment with the timing of pay, issues on pay still arises both on the firm level and at the national level. Most researchers are in support of the regulation of pay by the government because it has been seen to be of great benefit to the employees, has a significant impact on the compensation structure and enhance optimum contracts (Parsons and Van Wesep, 2013; Fama, 1991; Perry and Zenner, 2001). According to Parsons and Van Wesep (2013), the government of some countries are involved in the regulation of the timing of pay by specifying the minimum time between pay checks (e.g. weekly, bi-weekly, monthly etc) or by fixing a compulsory pay (e.g holiday bonuses,). However, the implementation of the frequency of pay through regulation by the government can be through fixed wage plus a bonus for the holidays, summer vacations, signing and severance (Parsons and Van Wesep, 2013). For example, the regulation of holiday bonuses and the frequency of pay are obviou s in United States, Indonesian, Mexican, Greek, Sweden etc. Regulating the timing of pay by the government has been seen as a great benefit for employees and assisting workers to help themselves (Parsons and Van Wesep, 2013; Fama, 1991; Perry and Zenner, 2001). Thus, in order to gain from enhanced timing of pay, a monitoring mechanism which is government regulation has to be provided(Parsons and Van Wesep, 2013). This notion was supported due to time-inconsistency leads to workers having the tendency to renegotiate thereby preventing optimal contracts. Furthermore, Parsons and Van Wesep (2013) observed that employees have self-control problems which will lead them to sell their future pay at a discount in order to maximize the huge short run discount rate. Equally important is the government regulation on the frequency of bonus pay for the CEO compensation contract. The research conducted by Perry and Zenner (2001) reinforces the point that it has been observed that there is a current connection with lagged returns which is certain due to the timing when some organisations determine their bonus pay-outs and total pay. In direct correlation to this point of view, there was a positive significant impact in considering the government regulation in the timing of bonus pay From a Contrasting perspective, it is worth mentioning that piece-rate payment has been a contentious labour issue in many developed countries. According to the research conducted in Sweden by Smucker et al. (1998), he found that this kind of pay system was highly regulated and was legally recognized only under some situations because regulation was seen as a form of inappropriate control and was considered to be associated with job strain. Conclusion A firmà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s performance is often related to the dedication of its workers to joint values, which itself is a requirement for cooperative behaviour (Tremblay et al., 2000). Amongst some of the factors which are prone to enhance workers dedication, the awareness of fairness is significantly one of the ethics to which workers are the most insightful which includes, value and structure of pay, pay satisfaction as well as the frequency of pay. The main findings of the above discussion according to different researchers on the frequency of pay are effectively summed up in Parsons and Van Wesep (2013) that the frequency of pay matters to workers who earns less than the educated and rich workers since the distribution of present-bias varies relying upon the job rank and educational level of attainment. Researchers are divided on whether or not timing of pay should be regulated by the government, though the majority support regulation. References BRICKLEY, J., SMITH, C. ZIMMERMAN, J. 2009. Managerial Economics and Organizational Architecture, McGraw-Hill. CHUNG, S., PALANIAPPAN, L., WONG, E., RUBIN, H. LUFT, H. 2010. Does the frequency of pay-for-performance payment matter?Experience from a randomized trial. Health Serv Res, 45, 553-64. DING, D. Z., AKHTAR, S. GE, G. L. 2009. Effects of inter- and intra-hierarchy wage dispersions on firm performance in Chinese enterprises. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 20, 2370-2381. DOWNES, P. E. CHOI, D. 2014. Employee reactions to pay dispersion: A typology of existing research. Human Resource Management Review, 24, 53-66. FAMA, E. F. 1991. Time, Salary, and Incentive Payoffs in Labor Contracts. Journal of Labor Economics, 9, 25-44. GUPTA, N., CONROY, S. A. DELERY, J. E. 2012. The many faces of pay variation. Human Resource Management Review, 22, 100-115. HOLLENSBE, E. C. GUTHRIE, J. P. 2000. Group Pay-for-Performance Plans: The Role of Spontaneous Goal Setting. The Academy of Management Review, 25, 864-872. HUNNES, A. 2009. Internal wage dispersion and firm performance: white-collar evidence. International Journal of Manpower, 30, 776-796. KEPES, S., DELERY, J. GUPTA, N. 2009. CONTINGENCIES IN THE EFFECTS OF PAY RANGE ON ORGANIZATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS. Personnel Psychology, 62, 497-531. PARSONS, C. A. VAN WESEP, E. D. 2013. The timing of pay. Journal of Financial Economics, 109, 373-397. PERRY, T. ZENNER, M. 2001. Pay for performance? Government regulation and the structure of compensation contracts. Journal of Financial Economics, 62, 453-488. RYNES, S. L., GERHART, B. MINETTE, K. A. 2004. The importance of pay in employee motivation: Discrepancies between what people say and what they do. Human Resource Management, 43, 381-394. SHAW, J. D., GUPTA, N. DELERY, J. E. 2002. Pay dispersion and workforce performance: moderating effects of incentives and interdependence. Strategic Management Journal, 23, 491-512. SMUCKER, J., VAN DEN BERG, A., SMITH, M. R. MASI, A. C. 1998. Labour deployment in plants in Canada and Sweden. Relations Industrielles, 53, 430-456. STEPHENS, M. 2006. Paycheque Receipt and the Timing of Consumption*. The Economic Journal, 116, 680-701. STEPHENS, M. UNAYAMA, T. 2011. The Consumption Response to Seasonal Income: Evidence from Japanese Public Pension Benefits. American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 3, 86-118. TREMBLAY, M., SIRE, B. BALKIN, D. B. 2000. The role of organizational justice in pay and employee benefit satisfaction, and its effects on work attitudes. Group Organization Management, 25, 269-290. YEH, W.-Y., CHENG, Y. CHEN, C.-J. 2009. Social patterns of pay systems and their associations with psychosocial job characteristics and burnout among paid employees in Taiwan. Social Science Medicine, 68, 1407-1415. ZHANG, C. Y. 2013a. Consumption Responses to Pay Frequency: Evidence from à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Extraà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢Paychecks. Working Paper, University of Pennsylvania. ZHANG, C. Y. 2013b. Monthly Budgeting Heuristics: Evidence from à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Extraà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢Paychecks. Working Paper, University of Pennsylvania. 1

Analysis Of Ray Bradbury s Fahrenheit 451 - 875 Words

Giridhar Batra Ross-1 Aug 29. 2014 Fahrenheit 451 Essay The Role of Technology as a Theme in Ray Bradbury’s Fahrenheit 451 The average person in our society spends 7-8 hours a day(The Washington Post) using technology; that is stuff like television, video games, surfing the web, etc. Let that set in; that’s a long time. Our society procrastinates also is constantly distracted by technology like no other. We are practically glued to technology; before we become slaves of technology we must change that. The theme of technology in Fahrenheit 451 informs us that the overuse of technology makes people lazy/procrastinate, that technology will overpower people’s lives, and technology takes away from people’s education. Firstly, have you ever had tons of work to do , but you put it off because you just have to check facebook because you feel as if you don’t you might just die? Ladies and gentleman, I present to you the first side effect of overusing technology: laziness/ procrastination. Ray Bradbury knew this was coming in fact he wrote Fahrenheit 451 in 1953. In Fahrenheit 451 th e society freakishly mirrors ours. The average american spends 2.7 hours a day just watching television, (Technology Uninhibited) think about all the other things that you could do in 2.7 hours other than watching television. Sometimes, every other blue moon, even I procrastinate and my main excuse comes back to technology with questions to myself. Why don’t I watch some funny youtube videos before IShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Ray Bradbury s Fahrenheit 4511743 Words   |  7 PagesIn Fahrenheit 451, by Ray Bradbury, the protagonist, Guy Montag, suddenly realizes his overwhelming discontent with life when he meets Clarisse McClean, a seventeen year old girl who introduces him to beauty of the world and the notion of questioning ones surroundings. This novel, having been released shortly after the Second Read Scare, a time when fear of communism lead to the baseless accusation of political figures by Senator McCarthy, was received with mixed reviews. However, today more so tha nRead MoreAnalysis Of Ray Bradbury s Fahrenheit 451 Essay2089 Words   |  9 PagesThe analysis of Ray Bradbury s dystopian novel, Fahrenheit 451, shows that literature as books, education and alike is abused and criminalized in the hero’s reality, who is Guy Montag. The novel’s setting is when new things seem to have totally replaced literature, fire fighters set flames instead of putting them out, the ownership of books is deserving of the law and to restrict the standard is to court demise. The oppression of literature through innovation and technology can be analyzed throughRead MoreAnalysis Of Ray Bradbury s Fahrenheit 4511722 Words   |  7 Pagesthem†. 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They are similar in the way they portray societies with varied amounts of good and evil which may be reflective of how we view our own. On the other hand, they can also be different, as creativeRead MoreAnalysis Of Ray Bradbury s Fahrenheit 4511193 Words   |  5 Pagestrue today? In Ray Bradbury’s Fahrenheit 451, ideas such as dystopian society, the dulling of emotions, personal freedom, and government censorship are utilized to illustrate how technology, the advancement of society, and government control has blindfolded the population from the creativity, knowledge, and truth of the past. Bradbury employs each of these ideas frequently throughout the novel to further enhance the deeper meaning behind his masterpiece. When one looks at Fahrenheit 451 like a workRead MoreAnalysis Of Ray Bradbury s Fahrenheit 4511241 Words   |  5 Pagesof the people who do not do anything about it† (Albert Einstein). 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For example, â€Å"What happened to Professor Faber?† or â€Å"How will a couple of homeless men survive post from a nuclear war?† The conclusion of Ray Bradbury’s Fahrenheit 451 leaves the readerRead MoreAnalysis Of Ray Bradbury s Fahrenheit 451 Essay1311 Words   |  6 PagesAuthored by Ray Bradbury in 1953, Fahrenheit 451, a descriptively written science fiction, presents its readers with his bitterly satirical view of the foreboding future and the consequences that may come with it. The novel depicts a dystopian society in which freedom of expression and thought is limited and books are outlawed. Written after WWII, when book burning and the blacklisting or censorship of films was a common threat. Technological advances were beginning to spread and therefore, influencingRead MoreAnalysis Of Ray Bradbury s Fahrenheit 451 1815 Words   |  8 PagesRay Bradbury was a well-known author who happe ned to write several novels, books, and short stories. He was very famous and I have never read anything that he wrote, until I read this book. I wasn’t sure what to expect because I had no idea what it was about and what kind of story it told. Fahrenheit 451 told a breathtaking adventure, was relatable, and it was almost as if I was submerged in this dystopian society, who was forced to live without imagination, books and a sense of wonder. Mr. BradburyRead MoreAnalysis Of Ray Bradbury s Fahrenheit 4512341 Words   |  10 Pagesrecognizable and typical patterns of behavior with certain probable outcomes†. While in Ray Bradbury’s Fahrenheit 451, water is used to represent death and rebirth, showing that our experiences can change us, and we can be re-birthed as a totally new person, while in Homer’s Odyssey, water is used to show that life is full of vast trials and adventures to overcome. The archetype of fire is also used in both novels. In Fahrenheit 451, it is used to show that even through destruction can emerge good; while in

The Revolution of 1917 Rights of the Republic Free Essays

Before the Mexican Revolution, Mexico was technically a republic as it is today, but by the time of the revolution, it was a republic in name only. In the mid-1860s, Mexico fought back against the French colonial overlords and established the country for itself, but the plan only partially succeeded.   Over the next decade, grassroots efforts across the country began to bring equality to Mexico, but instead they delivered the country into the hands of an elected dictator. We will write a custom essay sample on The Revolution of 1917: Rights of the Republic or any similar topic only for you Order Now    In 1876, Porfirio Diaz overthrew the sitting president, forcing him to flee the country and Diaz was named president. Once he had the position, he refused to relinquish it, crushing any who dared to oppose him. For the Mexican ruling class, the period known as Porfiriato was a time of prosperity and peace. There was enormous foreign investment in Mexico and the country was developed from a largely rural economy to a modernized, industrial nation.   Then in 1910, despite Diaz efforts to destroy any opposition Francisco Madero, an academic from one the haciendas of northern Mexico, ran against Diaz. He was immediately jailed by the president and the peasants, sick of being mistreated y the Republic, galvanized behind Madero. The election fraud that had kept Diaz in office was so extreme that officially Madero received only a few hundred votes nationally. Madero worked with church leaders in San Luis Potosi to develop a plan calling on the people of Mexico to take up arms and overthrow the Diaz government. Diaz ordered Madero arrested again and he fled to Texas where he formulated the Mexican Revolution.   Within a year, Madero was sworn in as the new president of Mexico when Diaz resigned in accordance with the Treaty of Ciudad Juarez after he routed the federalist army with the assistance of forces rallying behind Pancho Villa and Emiliano Zapata. Before the year was out, Madero and his vice president would be executed a military junta left in charge of the country because Madero refused to enact the property reforms that he had called for when encouraging the people to revolt.   Madero attempted to moderate between conservatives that wanted to keep the status quo and hard-line revolutionaries like the Zapatistas and in the end had no support at all. For the next six years, Mexico’s leadership was in a constant state of flux with the President Venustiano Carranza, a former revolutionary general who overthrew the previous military leader, chased out of Mexico City for two years of his presidency. Finally, he incorporated many of the extreme viewpoints of the revolutionaries in the Constitution of 1917. The constitution is the basis for the current Mexican government. One of the most important provisions of the constitution was that it forbade foreign investors from owning land in Mexico. The provision still stands. The reason for this proviso was the fact that during the Diaz presidency foreign investors owned the great majority of the land, making profits off the work of the local peasants and that Mexico’s oil fields were largely owned by foreign investors as well. Residents of Mexico wanted the income to remain within the country and nationalized all foreign-owned property. The Constitution also severely limited the power of the Catholic Church which had once been almost completely responsible for the education of people within Mexico. President Alvaro Obregon, who was elected to succeed Carranza after conspiring with those who assassinated his predecessor, tried to accommodate all factions of Mexican society including providing better education sponsored by the state instead of the Church and instituting rights for women. It was a bad time to a politician and Obregon was assassinated by a pro-Catholic gunman. That was in large part the beginning of the rebellion of the Church against the new government. The battles in Mexico continued well beyond the end of the war as the separation between Church and State was painful. Supporters of church supremacy began an uprising called â€Å"la Guerra Cristera† (the war of Christ) and estimates are that nearly a million people died in the battles. The battles between the Church and the government continued until 1929 when an end to the armed conflict was negotiated by the American ambassador. Many believe that the true end of the revolution was not until the presidency of Là ¡zaro Cà ¡rdenas, who ran the country from 1934 to 1940 and was the first president to willingly hand over the reins of the government to his successor.   In the meantime, the spiritual base of the national had been destroyed. In 1935, 17 Mexican states were left without a priest and only 334 licensed priests existed within the entire country. Forty were known to have been executed in the wars and hundreds of others fled the country. The reason: the Constitution of 1917. Under the diplomatic settlement, the anti-clerical provisions of the Constitution still stand. Among its provisions are: Article 5 outlawed monastic religious orders. Article 24 forbade public worship outside of church buildings, while Article 27 restricted religious organizations’ rights to own property. Finally, Article 130 took away basic civil rights of members of the clergy: priests and religious leaders were prevented from wearing their habits, were denied the right to vote, and were not permitted to comment on public affairs in the press. The anti-clerical provisions of the Constitution are not generally enforced since World War II and the church has regained some of its prominence in the hearts of Mexicans, but not returned to prominence in Mexican politics. Other provisions of the new constitution include the right to freedom of the press, but with the caveat that after publication charges related to sedition and libel can be brought if they are warranted.   The constitution restricts where foreigners can own land, restricts who may be considered a citizen of Mexico and prohibits slavery. It also prohibits extradition of Mexican nationals who have committed crimes in other countries if that may result in the death penalty. The constitution specifically assures citizens the right to life and prohibits the death penalty.   The constitution assures the right of Mexican citizens to bear arms, but only those which have been approved by the Mexican National Army.   It is also one of the most progressive constitutions in the world with relation to worker rights. The Constitution provides that any slave brought into Mexico is immediately freed and offered equal protection under the law. Furthermore, workers are guaranteed the right to an eight-hour work day, a day of rest each work week, and a minimum wage. The Constitution prohibits people who are not Mexican by birth from holding most political offices, running the country’s airports or seaport, or being military officers. It also gives preference in hiring to Mexican nationals over foreigners applying for the same job, assuming that both are equally qualified.   Finally, it prohibits several forms of punishment commonly used in the pre-1917 government and outlaws the concept of a debtor’s prison.   Clearly, the biggest difference between the current Mexican government and the pre-1917 government is the treatment of the workers. Because it was the people, the workers who lead the Mexican revolution, the provisions of the new constitution are designed particularly to protect the rights of the worker.   Workers who rallied behind Emiliano Zapata and the other leaders of the revolution abandoned and executed their leaders when they strayed from the principles of land reform and workers right. Six full years before the November Revolution in Russia, the workers of Mexico began a war to assure that they would have the rights that they needed. The revolution was spurred by the harsh treatment of the peasants and lower class in early years and ended only after the people had their rights secured. How to cite The Revolution of 1917: Rights of the Republic, Essay examples

Christianity Providing Health Care and Buddhism Providing Healthcare

Question: Describe about the comparative analysis of two faith philosophies towards providing health care, Christianity Providing Health Care and Buddhism Providing Healthcare? Answer: Introduction According to the census of 2001, Christianity is the third largest religion in India. This religion constitutes of 24 million followers which constitutes 2.3% of Indias population. They constitute the major population in South India and North East. It was established in India in the 6th century AD. Buddhism emerged as a world region in ancient Kingdom of Magadha and this religion emphasized on teachings of Siddhartha Gautama. In todays world Buddhism exist in Sri Lanka and Southeast Asia. Followers of Buddhism are called Buddhists in India. The teachings of this religion existed only in oral traditions. Christianity providing health care: Christians developed a robust system which helped for caring the poor, orphans, widows and the people who were ill treated. The religion also catered to other members who were in need of care. In 251 A.D the church in Rome provided care to 1500 widows. Later they supported 3000 widows, poor, sick and travelers. This care was done through some volunteer societies. The churches inhibited the necessary resources and this aided the growth of church. This also led to persecution by the Roman government. The bishop of Alexandria said that deacons, presbyters and layman were responsible to take care about the sick persons and also there were few people who threw the dead bodies into streets. The medical care also supported the victims of plague. Later on all these small services were finalized in a number of institutions that were the first hospitals. In the late fourth century the religion also came up with chargeable medical care facilities, which initially were in the form of montasories and later in form of hospitals. Today in US people are also treated those who do not have insurance. They dont run after money instead work on the principle of saving lives (Anbeek, 2005). Buddhism providing healthcare: Buddhas teachings stretch throughout Asia starting from Japan, South East Asia and China. In North there are countries such as Tibet, Russia, and Nepal. The society is practiced as a whole through Buddhist healthcare (Rk-world.org, 2015). Buddhism laid more emphasis on personal responsibility and motivation aspects as well Buddhists believe in rebirth. They think that human birth is very prestigious and precious for an individual. It is a complete development of compassion and mind. In Buddhism death is a transition phase to the next life. They prepare rituals so that peace is provided for person dying. They believe if a person is calm and composed while dying then they has greater chance for rebirth. According to Buddhists, after all the stages of death have taken place the spirit enters a Bardo which is the signal for next life. Long extensive prayers are done for that. Buddhists also follow strict rules on diet as maximum of them are vegetarian. They also believe in strict devotio nal prayers, mantra repetition, meditations. Mothers play an important role in bringing children and also taking care for them (Rk-world.org, 2015). Thus these are the main features of the health care in relation to the Buddhism. The worldview questions for Christianity and Buddhism: In this segment some key elements are compared of the two religions. These are as follows: Concept of God According to Christianity, God is divine and omnipresent. Their approach is that they believe that man was created by an external God and Christians are asked to follow their own god. They follow the teachings of Jesus and that come from Gods commands. Bible is the holy book for them and they follow its preaching (Rk-world.org, 2015). It the main source of their doings and they follow the guidelines that are provided in the book. Whereas the Buddhists believe that there is no external concept of God. They believe Lord Buddha as their god and it is a spontaneous rising. Buddha referred being awake and he referred this as nirvana which meant for self or individual. The soul or concept of self: Christians believed in core teachings which were considered to be Old Testament. The New Testament included a collection of writings that were collected from the disciples of Jesus. It was predicted that it would lead to second coming of Jesus, the Messiah, and he will have the power to save the souls of the people and give them life again. The Christian faith is driven by the self soul itself. The Buddhist concept examined three signs of existence. The first sign is of dukkha which means that there is universality of suffering. It is believed that all individuals have suffered the sorrow of death of a friend or loved one. The second sign is of Anicca that means an individual is impermanent in terms of his existence. Individuals have to go through constant changes and challenges in life and if people can overcome another problem arises. The final one is Anatman which means no soul. It is believed according to Buddhism that there are no facts and evidence to support the soul of an individual. They believed that there are five forces that constituted a self of an individual. In this aspect we can see that Christianity depicted the relation between God and self individual which the Buddhists did not. They believed it as an cause and effect relationships of all things. They are highly devoted and committed to all things in their life. And this opposed the Christian mindset beca use they believed that everything has a link and connection with their God itself (Rk-world.org, 2015). Suffering: The two belief systems differ in terms of their views and perception but they both cater to same kind of suffering. Christianity believed that if any devotee rejects their God then they are bound to undergo suffering. It was also believed that if an individual continues to reject God then they would have to go through very bad experience in both earth and hell (Rk-world.org, 2015). They believed that mankind is open to redemption from their God at any point of time. In Christianity individuals have to believe in God at most so that they can end their suffering. The only way to go to heaven is through the Christ himself. In the Ten Commandments all the core principles of Christianity are and Christs teachings are compared against(Rk-world.org, 2015).. The Buddhists believed that their suffering was in a structure of beliefs. The end of suffering is obtained by the Four Nobel Truths. There is a famous quote that is There is a path to the end of suffering and the paths were supposed to be those noble truths. It was explained that individual access to various optimistic experiences in life that individuals can distinguish one from the other. No experience is meant to be forever. As we grow every day we are able to fleet moments in life. As the happy moments passes by there comes sad moments too and individuals must overcome it (Christianity.co.nz, 2015). Second noble truth is of Tanha that describes various desires of an individual. This means concept of self is changing every day. Third noble truth is to overcome Tanha. This means it is the desire to eradicate our self cravings sometimes. Since they believed that there are no external forces associated with a soul of an individual therefore it is the inner self to control such cause s. Fourth noble truth included The Eightfold Path which is most essential principle for the Buddhists. The eight principles are: Right conduct, Right View, Right Speech, Right Resolve, Right effort, Right livelihood, Right Concentration and Right mindfulness (Christianity.co.nz, 2015). Spiritual perspective on healing: Healing is an important aspect of Lord Jesus Christ. Individuals can heal their sickness through disciples of Jesus. Health not only included physical fitness but also complete wellbeing as a holistic term. To maintain a good quality in health an individual must main good relation with god (Pursuingthetruth.org, 2015). The Buddhists believed in Kamma that was associated with an individual deed and its consequences thereafter and they believed that one had to undergo such suffering. They believed that an individual cannot blame anyone for their suffering because it is their personal responsibility for health. This also enables an individuals painful aspects of life (Christianity.co.nz, 2015). There is a cause and effect relation and that depends on the choices we have made in the past. However all the pain and suffering can be eliminated by seeking external means like pills, injections etc. It was also stated that Kamma had both social and individual dimensions as well (Christianity.co.nz, 2015). Conclusion: To conclude we can say that both these two religions are different in terms of their concept of divine. The Christians viewed of an external God, the Christ but the Buddhists opposed them in such an illogical approach. They believed that everything existed within an internal soul or the concept of self was realized by them. The Buddhists believed that all of it was out of any spontaneous rising with proper guidelines that are necessary to be followed. References: ANBEEK, C. (2005). Buddhism and Christianity.Bijdragen,66(1), 3-19. doi:10.2143/bij.66.1.562903 Christianity.co.nz,. (2015).Worldviews: Hinduisim, Buddhism and New Age thinking. Retrieved 21 February 2015, from https://www.christianity.co.nz/truth4.htm Lewis, C. (2001).Mere Christianity. San Francisco: HarperSanFrancisco. Missionfrontiers.org,. (2015).Bridging Buddhist Christian Worldviews: Communicating in Context for a Theravada Buddhist Breakthrough. Retrieved 21 February 2015, from https://www.missionfrontiers.org/issue/article/bridging-buddhist-christian-worldviews Pursuingthetruth.org,. (2015).A Christian Perspective of Healing: Prayer. Retrieved 21 February 2015, from https://www.pursuingthetruth.org/sermons/files/healing-prayer.htm Rk-world.org,. (2015).Dharma World Buddhist magazine. Retrieved 21 February 2015, from https://www.rk-world.org/dharmaworld/dw_2008odhealth.aspx