The Analysis of Business Structures - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2050 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Business Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? THE ANALYSIS OF BUSINESS STRUCTURES Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Analysis of Business Structures" essay for you Create order Whether or Not the Frequency and Regulation of Employeeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Pay Matter. ESSAY QUESTION A lot of research in economics has examined the effects of how and how much an employee is paid by her employer. Does it also matter when (i.e. how frequently) an employee is paid? If so, should the timing of pay be regulated by governments? Introduction The labour market is a competitive market where firm owners devise employeesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ pay in order to attract and retain staff at a minimum cost. In order to take full advantage of the sum of the principal and agentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s utility in the labour market and to reduce agency cost, the need for optimal contract arises and is vital for solving the incentive problem (Brickley et al., 2009). Pay has always been one of the vital issues in creating optimal contracts (Yeh et al., 2009). This writing seeks to explore the employee pay, which is one of the issues encountered in the labour market. The issues to be explored are; pay dispersion, whether the frequency of pay matters as well as whether or not the timing of pay should be regulated by the government. Empirical Evidences on the Effect of Employee Pay Dispersion Employee pay structure characteristics (i.e. performance-based and non-performance-based pay) can encourage or discourage turnover among employees, since hourly wages, salary or incentive pay act as key motivators for most employees (Rynes et al., 2004; Downes and Choi, 2014; Brickley et al., 2009; Fama, 1991). Equally important is the employee pay dispersion, which can also be referred to as pay variation or pay differential. To address this issue further, most researchersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ have found out that performance-based pay dispersion is generally motivating for firms and employees (Downes and Choi, 2014; Kepes et al., 2009; Shaw et al., 2002; Ding et al., 2009; Gupta et al., 2012). Furthermore, employees will react in a different manner depending on their position in the chain of command i.e. top level employee react optimistically to pay dispersion while low level employee responds pessimistically to increased pay dispersion. On the contrary, an empirical investigation carried out by Hunnes (2009) on wage dispersion shows that it is not easy to ascertain the effect of these changes on firmà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s performance. Having briefly discussed the effects of pay dispersion on employees and organisational performance, the next section seeks to explore the reason why the frequency of pay matters which is equally important in the structure of pay. Does Frequency of Pay Matter? The frequency of pay relates to how often employees are regularly paid by their employers for their efforts (Parsons and Van Wesep, 2013; Zhang, 2013a). According to Parsons and Van Wesep (2013) the frequency of pay should matter especially for employees who are paid less thereby encountering less savings buffer with which to smooth consumption (i.e., workers who earn less should be paid more frequently). For this reason, the frequency of pay is significantly important as a result of the regular expenditures (i.e. monthly bills) and self-control problems by employees not adhering to consumption schedule which has been pre-planned, thereby causing low savings (Parson and Van Wesep, 2013). In addition, the differences in workerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s education, financial sophistication and income are also considerable reasons why the frequency of pay matters (Parsons and Van Wesep, 2013). Contrary to Zhang (2013a) prediction, his empirical findings show that due to complex environment faced by different people when making decisions, timing differences in workers income can be of large consequence on the household consumption pattern of workers. Corroborating this view, Stephens and Unayama (2011) and Stephens (2006) supported this notion by concluding in their study that household consumption responds to the receipt of forecasted seasonal income variation. This occurs due to time inconsistency, mental accounting and budgeting heuristics in which inexperienced individuals predict their current income into the future (Zhang, 2013a; Zhang, 2013b). Apparently, the frequency of pay matters. Zhang (2013b) also supported Parsons and Van Wesep (2013) that individuals that are time inconsistent have present-biased preferences and exhibit problems with self-control. Furthermore, Hollensbe and Guthrie (2000) on a study of a group pay-for-performance plans, found that groups are extremely motivated in their job and will be committed to the challenging goals set by them if their pay is based on performance and frequent pay. On the contrary, Chung et al. (2010) examined the effects of incentive pay frequency on quality measures in a physician-specific pay-for-performance (P4P) experiment and found no degree of difference in the general quality measure scores based on the frequency of pay. Drawing on the ideas of different researchers on whether the frequency of pay matters, it is obvious that frequency of pay has some benefits. According to Parsons and Van Wesep (2013), the positive effect of the frequency of pay is more significant for workers who earn less and also, frequent pay leads to an increase in workersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ utility, reduction in the general wage the worker is eager to accept, and minimizes firm cost. Similarly, in order to avoid the huge consequence of household consumption pattern, the frequency of pay matters (Stephens, 2006; Stephens and Unayama, 2011; Zhang, 2013a). Frequency of pay can also help to avoid expected variation in the total of income received per consumption decision period (Zhang, 2013a; Zhang, 2013b). Plans with larger and enhanced frequency in bonus payment have greater motivation influence for workers (Hollensbe and Guthrie, 2000). Despite the overall benefits in favour of the frequency of pay, some researchers have found that it also has some undesirable effects on the firm. The benefit of frequency of pay to employees might sometimes lead to a variation that is unrelated to marginal utility of the firm pay (Parsons and Van Wesep, 2013). Moreover, frequent payment has been seen to be expensive as unstable employees encounter feast-famine consumption cycle during their period of pay (Parsons and Van Wesep, 2013). Based on the research reviewed to this point, most researchers have argued that the frequency of pay matters although limited research has been carried out on the effect of the frequency of pay. The next part seeks to explore whether or not the timing of pay should be regulated by the government in correlation to the frequency of pay. Should the Timing of Pay be regulated by the Government or Not? With all the benefits in alignment with the timing of pay, issues on pay still arises both on the firm level and at the national level. Most researchers are in support of the regulation of pay by the government because it has been seen to be of great benefit to the employees, has a significant impact on the compensation structure and enhance optimum contracts (Parsons and Van Wesep, 2013; Fama, 1991; Perry and Zenner, 2001). According to Parsons and Van Wesep (2013), the government of some countries are involved in the regulation of the timing of pay by specifying the minimum time between pay checks (e.g. weekly, bi-weekly, monthly etc) or by fixing a compulsory pay (e.g holiday bonuses,). However, the implementation of the frequency of pay through regulation by the government can be through fixed wage plus a bonus for the holidays, summer vacations, signing and severance (Parsons and Van Wesep, 2013). For example, the regulation of holiday bonuses and the frequency of pay are obviou s in United States, Indonesian, Mexican, Greek, Sweden etc. Regulating the timing of pay by the government has been seen as a great benefit for employees and assisting workers to help themselves (Parsons and Van Wesep, 2013; Fama, 1991; Perry and Zenner, 2001). Thus, in order to gain from enhanced timing of pay, a monitoring mechanism which is government regulation has to be provided(Parsons and Van Wesep, 2013). This notion was supported due to time-inconsistency leads to workers having the tendency to renegotiate thereby preventing optimal contracts. Furthermore, Parsons and Van Wesep (2013) observed that employees have self-control problems which will lead them to sell their future pay at a discount in order to maximize the huge short run discount rate. Equally important is the government regulation on the frequency of bonus pay for the CEO compensation contract. The research conducted by Perry and Zenner (2001) reinforces the point that it has been observed that there is a current connection with lagged returns which is certain due to the timing when some organisations determine their bonus pay-outs and total pay. In direct correlation to this point of view, there was a positive significant impact in considering the government regulation in the timing of bonus pay From a Contrasting perspective, it is worth mentioning that piece-rate payment has been a contentious labour issue in many developed countries. According to the research conducted in Sweden by Smucker et al. (1998), he found that this kind of pay system was highly regulated and was legally recognized only under some situations because regulation was seen as a form of inappropriate control and was considered to be associated with job strain. Conclusion A firmà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s performance is often related to the dedication of its workers to joint values, which itself is a requirement for cooperative behaviour (Tremblay et al., 2000). Amongst some of the factors which are prone to enhance workers dedication, the awareness of fairness is significantly one of the ethics to which workers are the most insightful which includes, value and structure of pay, pay satisfaction as well as the frequency of pay. The main findings of the above discussion according to different researchers on the frequency of pay are effectively summed up in Parsons and Van Wesep (2013) that the frequency of pay matters to workers who earns less than the educated and rich workers since the distribution of present-bias varies relying upon the job rank and educational level of attainment. Researchers are divided on whether or not timing of pay should be regulated by the government, though the majority support regulation. References BRICKLEY, J., SMITH, C. ZIMMERMAN, J. 2009. Managerial Economics and Organizational Architecture, McGraw-Hill. CHUNG, S., PALANIAPPAN, L., WONG, E., RUBIN, H. LUFT, H. 2010. Does the frequency of pay-for-performance payment matter?Experience from a randomized trial. Health Serv Res, 45, 553-64. DING, D. Z., AKHTAR, S. GE, G. L. 2009. Effects of inter- and intra-hierarchy wage dispersions on firm performance in Chinese enterprises. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 20, 2370-2381. DOWNES, P. E. CHOI, D. 2014. Employee reactions to pay dispersion: A typology of existing research. Human Resource Management Review, 24, 53-66. FAMA, E. F. 1991. Time, Salary, and Incentive Payoffs in Labor Contracts. Journal of Labor Economics, 9, 25-44. GUPTA, N., CONROY, S. A. DELERY, J. E. 2012. The many faces of pay variation. Human Resource Management Review, 22, 100-115. HOLLENSBE, E. C. GUTHRIE, J. P. 2000. Group Pay-for-Performance Plans: The Role of Spontaneous Goal Setting. The Academy of Management Review, 25, 864-872. HUNNES, A. 2009. Internal wage dispersion and firm performance: white-collar evidence. International Journal of Manpower, 30, 776-796. KEPES, S., DELERY, J. GUPTA, N. 2009. CONTINGENCIES IN THE EFFECTS OF PAY RANGE ON ORGANIZATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS. Personnel Psychology, 62, 497-531. PARSONS, C. A. VAN WESEP, E. D. 2013. The timing of pay. Journal of Financial Economics, 109, 373-397. PERRY, T. ZENNER, M. 2001. Pay for performance? Government regulation and the structure of compensation contracts. Journal of Financial Economics, 62, 453-488. RYNES, S. L., GERHART, B. MINETTE, K. A. 2004. The importance of pay in employee motivation: Discrepancies between what people say and what they do. Human Resource Management, 43, 381-394. SHAW, J. D., GUPTA, N. DELERY, J. E. 2002. Pay dispersion and workforce performance: moderating effects of incentives and interdependence. Strategic Management Journal, 23, 491-512. SMUCKER, J., VAN DEN BERG, A., SMITH, M. R. MASI, A. C. 1998. Labour deployment in plants in Canada and Sweden. Relations Industrielles, 53, 430-456. STEPHENS, M. 2006. Paycheque Receipt and the Timing of Consumption*. The Economic Journal, 116, 680-701. STEPHENS, M. UNAYAMA, T. 2011. The Consumption Response to Seasonal Income: Evidence from Japanese Public Pension Benefits. American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 3, 86-118. TREMBLAY, M., SIRE, B. BALKIN, D. B. 2000. The role of organizational justice in pay and employee benefit satisfaction, and its effects on work attitudes. Group Organization Management, 25, 269-290. YEH, W.-Y., CHENG, Y. CHEN, C.-J. 2009. Social patterns of pay systems and their associations with psychosocial job characteristics and burnout among paid employees in Taiwan. Social Science Medicine, 68, 1407-1415. ZHANG, C. Y. 2013a. Consumption Responses to Pay Frequency: Evidence from à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Extraà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢Paychecks. Working Paper, University of Pennsylvania. ZHANG, C. Y. 2013b. Monthly Budgeting Heuristics: Evidence from à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Extraà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢Paychecks. Working Paper, University of Pennsylvania. 1

Analysis Of Ray Bradbury s Fahrenheit 451 - 875 Words

Giridhar Batra Ross-1 Aug 29. 2014 Fahrenheit 451 Essay The Role of Technology as a Theme in Ray Bradbury’s Fahrenheit 451 The average person in our society spends 7-8 hours a day(The Washington Post) using technology; that is stuff like television, video games, surfing the web, etc. Let that set in; that’s a long time. Our society procrastinates also is constantly distracted by technology like no other. We are practically glued to technology; before we become slaves of technology we must change that. The theme of technology in Fahrenheit 451 informs us that the overuse of technology makes people lazy/procrastinate, that technology will overpower people’s lives, and technology takes away from people’s education. Firstly, have you ever had tons of work to do , but you put it off because you just have to check facebook because you feel as if you don’t you might just die? Ladies and gentleman, I present to you the first side effect of overusing technology: laziness/ procrastination. Ray Bradbury knew this was coming in fact he wrote Fahrenheit 451 in 1953. In Fahrenheit 451 th e society freakishly mirrors ours. The average american spends 2.7 hours a day just watching television, (Technology Uninhibited) think about all the other things that you could do in 2.7 hours other than watching television. Sometimes, every other blue moon, even I procrastinate and my main excuse comes back to technology with questions to myself. Why don’t I watch some funny youtube videos before IShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Ray Bradbury s Fahrenheit 4511743 Words   |  7 PagesIn Fahrenheit 451, by Ray Bradbury, the protagonist, Guy Montag, suddenly realizes his overwhelming discontent with life when he meets Clarisse McClean, a seventeen year old girl who introduces him to beauty of the world and the notion of questioning ones surroundings. This novel, having been released shortly after the Second Read Scare, a time when fear of communism lead to the baseless accusation of political figures by Senator McCarthy, was received with mixed reviews. However, today more so tha nRead MoreAnalysis Of Ray Bradbury s Fahrenheit 451 Essay2089 Words   |  9 PagesThe analysis of Ray Bradbury s dystopian novel, Fahrenheit 451, shows that literature as books, education and alike is abused and criminalized in the hero’s reality, who is Guy Montag. The novel’s setting is when new things seem to have totally replaced literature, fire fighters set flames instead of putting them out, the ownership of books is deserving of the law and to restrict the standard is to court demise. The oppression of literature through innovation and technology can be analyzed throughRead MoreAnalysis Of Ray Bradbury s Fahrenheit 4511722 Words   |  7 Pagesthem†. 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They are similar in the way they portray societies with varied amounts of good and evil which may be reflective of how we view our own. On the other hand, they can also be different, as creativeRead MoreAnalysis Of Ray Bradbury s Fahrenheit 4511193 Words   |  5 Pagestrue today? In Ray Bradbury’s Fahrenheit 451, ideas such as dystopian society, the dulling of emotions, personal freedom, and government censorship are utilized to illustrate how technology, the advancement of society, and government control has blindfolded the population from the creativity, knowledge, and truth of the past. Bradbury employs each of these ideas frequently throughout the novel to further enhance the deeper meaning behind his masterpiece. When one looks at Fahrenheit 451 like a workRead MoreAnalysis Of Ray Bradbury s Fahrenheit 4511241 Words   |  5 Pagesof the people who do not do anything about it† (Albert Einstein). 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For example, â€Å"What happened to Professor Faber?† or â€Å"How will a couple of homeless men survive post from a nuclear war?† The conclusion of Ray Bradbury’s Fahrenheit 451 leaves the readerRead MoreAnalysis Of Ray Bradbury s Fahrenheit 451 Essay1311 Words   |  6 PagesAuthored by Ray Bradbury in 1953, Fahrenheit 451, a descriptively written science fiction, presents its readers with his bitterly satirical view of the foreboding future and the consequences that may come with it. The novel depicts a dystopian society in which freedom of expression and thought is limited and books are outlawed. Written after WWII, when book burning and the blacklisting or censorship of films was a common threat. Technological advances were beginning to spread and therefore, influencingRead MoreAnalysis Of Ray Bradbury s Fahrenheit 451 1815 Words   |  8 PagesRay Bradbury was a well-known author who happe ned to write several novels, books, and short stories. He was very famous and I have never read anything that he wrote, until I read this book. I wasn’t sure what to expect because I had no idea what it was about and what kind of story it told. Fahrenheit 451 told a breathtaking adventure, was relatable, and it was almost as if I was submerged in this dystopian society, who was forced to live without imagination, books and a sense of wonder. Mr. BradburyRead MoreAnalysis Of Ray Bradbury s Fahrenheit 4512341 Words   |  10 Pagesrecognizable and typical patterns of behavior with certain probable outcomes†. While in Ray Bradbury’s Fahrenheit 451, water is used to represent death and rebirth, showing that our experiences can change us, and we can be re-birthed as a totally new person, while in Homer’s Odyssey, water is used to show that life is full of vast trials and adventures to overcome. The archetype of fire is also used in both novels. In Fahrenheit 451, it is used to show that even through destruction can emerge good; while in

The Revolution of 1917 Rights of the Republic Free Essays

Before the Mexican Revolution, Mexico was technically a republic as it is today, but by the time of the revolution, it was a republic in name only. In the mid-1860s, Mexico fought back against the French colonial overlords and established the country for itself, but the plan only partially succeeded.   Over the next decade, grassroots efforts across the country began to bring equality to Mexico, but instead they delivered the country into the hands of an elected dictator. We will write a custom essay sample on The Revolution of 1917: Rights of the Republic or any similar topic only for you Order Now    In 1876, Porfirio Diaz overthrew the sitting president, forcing him to flee the country and Diaz was named president. Once he had the position, he refused to relinquish it, crushing any who dared to oppose him. For the Mexican ruling class, the period known as Porfiriato was a time of prosperity and peace. There was enormous foreign investment in Mexico and the country was developed from a largely rural economy to a modernized, industrial nation.   Then in 1910, despite Diaz efforts to destroy any opposition Francisco Madero, an academic from one the haciendas of northern Mexico, ran against Diaz. He was immediately jailed by the president and the peasants, sick of being mistreated y the Republic, galvanized behind Madero. The election fraud that had kept Diaz in office was so extreme that officially Madero received only a few hundred votes nationally. Madero worked with church leaders in San Luis Potosi to develop a plan calling on the people of Mexico to take up arms and overthrow the Diaz government. Diaz ordered Madero arrested again and he fled to Texas where he formulated the Mexican Revolution.   Within a year, Madero was sworn in as the new president of Mexico when Diaz resigned in accordance with the Treaty of Ciudad Juarez after he routed the federalist army with the assistance of forces rallying behind Pancho Villa and Emiliano Zapata. Before the year was out, Madero and his vice president would be executed a military junta left in charge of the country because Madero refused to enact the property reforms that he had called for when encouraging the people to revolt.   Madero attempted to moderate between conservatives that wanted to keep the status quo and hard-line revolutionaries like the Zapatistas and in the end had no support at all. For the next six years, Mexico’s leadership was in a constant state of flux with the President Venustiano Carranza, a former revolutionary general who overthrew the previous military leader, chased out of Mexico City for two years of his presidency. Finally, he incorporated many of the extreme viewpoints of the revolutionaries in the Constitution of 1917. The constitution is the basis for the current Mexican government. One of the most important provisions of the constitution was that it forbade foreign investors from owning land in Mexico. The provision still stands. The reason for this proviso was the fact that during the Diaz presidency foreign investors owned the great majority of the land, making profits off the work of the local peasants and that Mexico’s oil fields were largely owned by foreign investors as well. Residents of Mexico wanted the income to remain within the country and nationalized all foreign-owned property. The Constitution also severely limited the power of the Catholic Church which had once been almost completely responsible for the education of people within Mexico. President Alvaro Obregon, who was elected to succeed Carranza after conspiring with those who assassinated his predecessor, tried to accommodate all factions of Mexican society including providing better education sponsored by the state instead of the Church and instituting rights for women. It was a bad time to a politician and Obregon was assassinated by a pro-Catholic gunman. That was in large part the beginning of the rebellion of the Church against the new government. The battles in Mexico continued well beyond the end of the war as the separation between Church and State was painful. Supporters of church supremacy began an uprising called â€Å"la Guerra Cristera† (the war of Christ) and estimates are that nearly a million people died in the battles. The battles between the Church and the government continued until 1929 when an end to the armed conflict was negotiated by the American ambassador. Many believe that the true end of the revolution was not until the presidency of Là ¡zaro Cà ¡rdenas, who ran the country from 1934 to 1940 and was the first president to willingly hand over the reins of the government to his successor.   In the meantime, the spiritual base of the national had been destroyed. In 1935, 17 Mexican states were left without a priest and only 334 licensed priests existed within the entire country. Forty were known to have been executed in the wars and hundreds of others fled the country. The reason: the Constitution of 1917. Under the diplomatic settlement, the anti-clerical provisions of the Constitution still stand. Among its provisions are: Article 5 outlawed monastic religious orders. Article 24 forbade public worship outside of church buildings, while Article 27 restricted religious organizations’ rights to own property. Finally, Article 130 took away basic civil rights of members of the clergy: priests and religious leaders were prevented from wearing their habits, were denied the right to vote, and were not permitted to comment on public affairs in the press. The anti-clerical provisions of the Constitution are not generally enforced since World War II and the church has regained some of its prominence in the hearts of Mexicans, but not returned to prominence in Mexican politics. Other provisions of the new constitution include the right to freedom of the press, but with the caveat that after publication charges related to sedition and libel can be brought if they are warranted.   The constitution restricts where foreigners can own land, restricts who may be considered a citizen of Mexico and prohibits slavery. It also prohibits extradition of Mexican nationals who have committed crimes in other countries if that may result in the death penalty. The constitution specifically assures citizens the right to life and prohibits the death penalty.   The constitution assures the right of Mexican citizens to bear arms, but only those which have been approved by the Mexican National Army.   It is also one of the most progressive constitutions in the world with relation to worker rights. The Constitution provides that any slave brought into Mexico is immediately freed and offered equal protection under the law. Furthermore, workers are guaranteed the right to an eight-hour work day, a day of rest each work week, and a minimum wage. The Constitution prohibits people who are not Mexican by birth from holding most political offices, running the country’s airports or seaport, or being military officers. It also gives preference in hiring to Mexican nationals over foreigners applying for the same job, assuming that both are equally qualified.   Finally, it prohibits several forms of punishment commonly used in the pre-1917 government and outlaws the concept of a debtor’s prison.   Clearly, the biggest difference between the current Mexican government and the pre-1917 government is the treatment of the workers. Because it was the people, the workers who lead the Mexican revolution, the provisions of the new constitution are designed particularly to protect the rights of the worker.   Workers who rallied behind Emiliano Zapata and the other leaders of the revolution abandoned and executed their leaders when they strayed from the principles of land reform and workers right. Six full years before the November Revolution in Russia, the workers of Mexico began a war to assure that they would have the rights that they needed. The revolution was spurred by the harsh treatment of the peasants and lower class in early years and ended only after the people had their rights secured. How to cite The Revolution of 1917: Rights of the Republic, Essay examples

Christianity Providing Health Care and Buddhism Providing Healthcare

Question: Describe about the comparative analysis of two faith philosophies towards providing health care, Christianity Providing Health Care and Buddhism Providing Healthcare? Answer: Introduction According to the census of 2001, Christianity is the third largest religion in India. This religion constitutes of 24 million followers which constitutes 2.3% of Indias population. They constitute the major population in South India and North East. It was established in India in the 6th century AD. Buddhism emerged as a world region in ancient Kingdom of Magadha and this religion emphasized on teachings of Siddhartha Gautama. In todays world Buddhism exist in Sri Lanka and Southeast Asia. Followers of Buddhism are called Buddhists in India. The teachings of this religion existed only in oral traditions. Christianity providing health care: Christians developed a robust system which helped for caring the poor, orphans, widows and the people who were ill treated. The religion also catered to other members who were in need of care. In 251 A.D the church in Rome provided care to 1500 widows. Later they supported 3000 widows, poor, sick and travelers. This care was done through some volunteer societies. The churches inhibited the necessary resources and this aided the growth of church. This also led to persecution by the Roman government. The bishop of Alexandria said that deacons, presbyters and layman were responsible to take care about the sick persons and also there were few people who threw the dead bodies into streets. The medical care also supported the victims of plague. Later on all these small services were finalized in a number of institutions that were the first hospitals. In the late fourth century the religion also came up with chargeable medical care facilities, which initially were in the form of montasories and later in form of hospitals. Today in US people are also treated those who do not have insurance. They dont run after money instead work on the principle of saving lives (Anbeek, 2005). Buddhism providing healthcare: Buddhas teachings stretch throughout Asia starting from Japan, South East Asia and China. In North there are countries such as Tibet, Russia, and Nepal. The society is practiced as a whole through Buddhist healthcare (Rk-world.org, 2015). Buddhism laid more emphasis on personal responsibility and motivation aspects as well Buddhists believe in rebirth. They think that human birth is very prestigious and precious for an individual. It is a complete development of compassion and mind. In Buddhism death is a transition phase to the next life. They prepare rituals so that peace is provided for person dying. They believe if a person is calm and composed while dying then they has greater chance for rebirth. According to Buddhists, after all the stages of death have taken place the spirit enters a Bardo which is the signal for next life. Long extensive prayers are done for that. Buddhists also follow strict rules on diet as maximum of them are vegetarian. They also believe in strict devotio nal prayers, mantra repetition, meditations. Mothers play an important role in bringing children and also taking care for them (Rk-world.org, 2015). Thus these are the main features of the health care in relation to the Buddhism. The worldview questions for Christianity and Buddhism: In this segment some key elements are compared of the two religions. These are as follows: Concept of God According to Christianity, God is divine and omnipresent. Their approach is that they believe that man was created by an external God and Christians are asked to follow their own god. They follow the teachings of Jesus and that come from Gods commands. Bible is the holy book for them and they follow its preaching (Rk-world.org, 2015). It the main source of their doings and they follow the guidelines that are provided in the book. Whereas the Buddhists believe that there is no external concept of God. They believe Lord Buddha as their god and it is a spontaneous rising. Buddha referred being awake and he referred this as nirvana which meant for self or individual. The soul or concept of self: Christians believed in core teachings which were considered to be Old Testament. The New Testament included a collection of writings that were collected from the disciples of Jesus. It was predicted that it would lead to second coming of Jesus, the Messiah, and he will have the power to save the souls of the people and give them life again. The Christian faith is driven by the self soul itself. The Buddhist concept examined three signs of existence. The first sign is of dukkha which means that there is universality of suffering. It is believed that all individuals have suffered the sorrow of death of a friend or loved one. The second sign is of Anicca that means an individual is impermanent in terms of his existence. Individuals have to go through constant changes and challenges in life and if people can overcome another problem arises. The final one is Anatman which means no soul. It is believed according to Buddhism that there are no facts and evidence to support the soul of an individual. They believed that there are five forces that constituted a self of an individual. In this aspect we can see that Christianity depicted the relation between God and self individual which the Buddhists did not. They believed it as an cause and effect relationships of all things. They are highly devoted and committed to all things in their life. And this opposed the Christian mindset beca use they believed that everything has a link and connection with their God itself (Rk-world.org, 2015). Suffering: The two belief systems differ in terms of their views and perception but they both cater to same kind of suffering. Christianity believed that if any devotee rejects their God then they are bound to undergo suffering. It was also believed that if an individual continues to reject God then they would have to go through very bad experience in both earth and hell (Rk-world.org, 2015). They believed that mankind is open to redemption from their God at any point of time. In Christianity individuals have to believe in God at most so that they can end their suffering. The only way to go to heaven is through the Christ himself. In the Ten Commandments all the core principles of Christianity are and Christs teachings are compared against(Rk-world.org, 2015).. The Buddhists believed that their suffering was in a structure of beliefs. The end of suffering is obtained by the Four Nobel Truths. There is a famous quote that is There is a path to the end of suffering and the paths were supposed to be those noble truths. It was explained that individual access to various optimistic experiences in life that individuals can distinguish one from the other. No experience is meant to be forever. As we grow every day we are able to fleet moments in life. As the happy moments passes by there comes sad moments too and individuals must overcome it (Christianity.co.nz, 2015). Second noble truth is of Tanha that describes various desires of an individual. This means concept of self is changing every day. Third noble truth is to overcome Tanha. This means it is the desire to eradicate our self cravings sometimes. Since they believed that there are no external forces associated with a soul of an individual therefore it is the inner self to control such cause s. Fourth noble truth included The Eightfold Path which is most essential principle for the Buddhists. The eight principles are: Right conduct, Right View, Right Speech, Right Resolve, Right effort, Right livelihood, Right Concentration and Right mindfulness (Christianity.co.nz, 2015). Spiritual perspective on healing: Healing is an important aspect of Lord Jesus Christ. Individuals can heal their sickness through disciples of Jesus. Health not only included physical fitness but also complete wellbeing as a holistic term. To maintain a good quality in health an individual must main good relation with god (Pursuingthetruth.org, 2015). The Buddhists believed in Kamma that was associated with an individual deed and its consequences thereafter and they believed that one had to undergo such suffering. They believed that an individual cannot blame anyone for their suffering because it is their personal responsibility for health. This also enables an individuals painful aspects of life (Christianity.co.nz, 2015). There is a cause and effect relation and that depends on the choices we have made in the past. However all the pain and suffering can be eliminated by seeking external means like pills, injections etc. It was also stated that Kamma had both social and individual dimensions as well (Christianity.co.nz, 2015). Conclusion: To conclude we can say that both these two religions are different in terms of their concept of divine. The Christians viewed of an external God, the Christ but the Buddhists opposed them in such an illogical approach. They believed that everything existed within an internal soul or the concept of self was realized by them. The Buddhists believed that all of it was out of any spontaneous rising with proper guidelines that are necessary to be followed. References: ANBEEK, C. (2005). Buddhism and Christianity.Bijdragen,66(1), 3-19. doi:10.2143/bij.66.1.562903 Christianity.co.nz,. (2015).Worldviews: Hinduisim, Buddhism and New Age thinking. Retrieved 21 February 2015, from https://www.christianity.co.nz/truth4.htm Lewis, C. (2001).Mere Christianity. San Francisco: HarperSanFrancisco. Missionfrontiers.org,. (2015).Bridging Buddhist Christian Worldviews: Communicating in Context for a Theravada Buddhist Breakthrough. Retrieved 21 February 2015, from https://www.missionfrontiers.org/issue/article/bridging-buddhist-christian-worldviews Pursuingthetruth.org,. (2015).A Christian Perspective of Healing: Prayer. Retrieved 21 February 2015, from https://www.pursuingthetruth.org/sermons/files/healing-prayer.htm Rk-world.org,. (2015).Dharma World Buddhist magazine. Retrieved 21 February 2015, from https://www.rk-world.org/dharmaworld/dw_2008odhealth.aspx

Macro

Introduction Macro environment analysis remains to be one of the basic initial steps in any strategic analysis (Williams Adrian, 1997). Therefore, this paper provides a PEST Analysis of a movie industry while using ‘A Horror Show at the Cinemaplex’ as a case study in its analysis.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Macro-Environment Analysis of ‘A Horror Show at the Cinemaplex’ Using PESTE Approach specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More PEST approach is an analysis of the macro environment that involves scanning the external environment of a business entity. It helps to understand the political, socio-cultural, economic and technological environments. It is a useful tool that is used to evaluate the market by determining whether there is decline or growth in business activities. Therefore, it provides the organization with various options that the organization can implement to direct its bus iness activities. Macro-environment analysis Political/Legal factor Order of Importance Issue +/- Effect on Growth 1 Change of policy: The policy that was adopted by FCC which required all broadcasters to change to digital technology by mid of 2009 is ascribed to have had a high impact on the film industry. + (for expansion of movie theater industry) 2 Price Changes: Price wars at retail level that occurred during the Christmas period of 2008 resulted to a drop of HD players below 200 dollars. -(Enabled potential customers to acquire their own home theater) 3 Home theater competition: Rivalry of the home theaters systems with movie theater industry -(theater industry) +(potential customers) 4 Programming Issues/ Policy Issues: Unbalanced show of the advertisements and movies during Movie Theater sessions. -(potential customers) +(for theater industry) 5 Large screen policy: The sole value proposition that is offered by large screens of movie theaters. +(overall) 6 T echnology changeover policy: The theater industry was slow in adopting new technologies. -(overall ) 7 Court Rulings: The supreme court ruling of 1948 against the studios encouraged competition in the industry +(for customers) -(for the theater industry) Overall Rating: +/-BALANCED Economic factor Order of Importance Issue +/- Effect on Growth 1 Revenue turnover: Revenues have maintained to be high. +(theater industry) Sales of alternative products: Massive sales of DVDs and subsequent expansion of their technology. +(potential customers) -(theater industry) 2 Slow income growth rate: Its growth has been slow. For instance, for a period spanning from 1997 to 2007, revenue increased only by five percent. -(Overall) 3 Slow market growth rate: Stagnation of the consumer market despite increase in population -(overall) 4 Production costs: The movie investment required a large capital base. This formed some basis as to why the industry experienced some decline as t he success formula for this industry became elusive. -(theater industry) 5 High production costs: The cost of making a typical feature was too high in the current times as it has increased by 25 percent. -(overall) 6 High auxiliary costs: A part from production costs; other associated costs such as marketing remained to be high as they even accounted for a third of the entire production costs. -(overall) Overall rating: – NEGATIVE Socio-cultural factor Order of Impact / Importance Issue +/- Effect on Growth 1 Growth of theaters: Numbers of theaters have declined -(overall) Growth of screens: The screens numbers have over the time remained constant. +(overall) 2 Entertainment demography: Demographic data shows that customers in the market spends substantial amount of time on entertainment in a year since an average American dedicates 3500 hours for entertainment annually but only spends 12 hours watching movies. + (overall) 3 Theater as a necessity: It i s also noted in the case study that the ability of the audience being provided by what they do not have in their homes is highly diminishing since they can get the same from the comfort of their homes. -(theater industry) 4 Ancient social imbalance: Television technology that was believed to be a preserve of the rich only is now available and accessible to all classes of people which provide cinema experience to them. +(overall) 5 Taste varieties: Little differences in services offered in the movie industry since they show almost the same movies and other services such as food remain identical. -(overall) 6 Appeal for Movie Theater: A good opportunity to go out of the house; An ideal location for a date. +(overall) Overall rating: + POSITIVE Technological factor Order of Importance Issue +/- Effect on Growth 1 Technological changes: Technological revolutions in the cinema since digital technologies have resulted to high resolution of digitized images on the screen. +(overall) 2 LCD technology: Decline in manufacturing costs as a result of LCD technology for television screens and computers. +(overall) 3 Fall in television prices: Decline in prices of televisions which fell by 65 percent in the year 2007. This has resulted to more purchasing power on the part of the potential clients for their home theaters. -(theater industry) +(potential customers) 4 Packages at lower cost: DVD Players, large television screens and speaker components are currently packaged at a low cost. +(potential customers) -(theater industry) 5 DVD technologies: Penetration of the market by DVD players that are highly defined +(potential customers) -(theater industry) 6 high percentage content of HD: Provision of high percentage content of HD to customers by cable and satellite television providers. +(potential customers) -(theater industry) Overall: + POSITIVE Environmental factor Order of Importance Issue +/- Effect on Growth 1 Environmental disru ptions: Disruptions such as cell phones, unending adverts during the show, rude patrons which characterize the environment of operation of the theater industry. -(overall) 2 Environmental relevance of theater movies: Movies as a source of entertainment in the operating environment are still popular. +(theater industry) 3 Environmental opportunities for movie viewing: Opportunities that facilitate viewing movies outside the theaters have increased tremendously. +(overall) 4 Environmental popularity of movie theaters: Few people are going to theaters to watch movies +(theater industry) 5 Environmental segment of movie theater popularity: The core audience of the movie theater is young people between the ages of 12 years to 24 years old. -(theater industry) 6 Environmental attractions of movie theaters: Theatrical value of sound systems in movie theaters +(theater industry) Overall: + POSITIVE Summary of Macro-Environment Analysis Macro-environment analysis of ‘a h orror show at the cinemaplex’ using PESTE approach covers five aspects of the external environment of operation. Therefore, the analysis covered political, economic, societal, technological and environmental factors surrounding the organization in its business operations. For that matter, all these factors through the analysis done, it has been established that they have immense impacts on the business operations of the movie theater industry in either a positive or negative manner. To begin with, political factors have been found to offering both palatable and non palatable factors in a balanced form for the industry. For instance, since politics concerns crafting of policies in societies, there have been several policies that have been passed in the operating environment that have been both friendly and unfriendly to the movie theater industry. For example, a policy was adopted by FCC that required all broadcasters to change to digital technology by June of 2009. This polic y promoted home theater to the disadvantage of the movie theater industry.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In respect to societal analysis, the results of the case study indicates that the socio cultural factors in the environment offers more positive factors for movie theater industry as compared to its negative related factors. On the other hand, economic analysis indicates that there have been slow rate of growth in respect to revenue turnover of the film industry. For example, for the period of ten years, the revenue had only grown by five percent which is relatively low compared to that long span of time. Nonetheless, management of the film industry also became a challenge to the players in the industry since it required substantial amount of capital compared to other alternative sources of entertainment. Moreover, concerning technological analysis, it was establis hed that there have been various technological changes that have taken place which have impacted on industry performance. For example, there have been revolutions in the cinema industry since digital technologies which have resulted to high resolution of digitized images on the screen. This has made players in the industry to embrace the digital technologies as opposed to the traditional technology. Nonetheless, technological environment offer more positive factors to the theater industry as compared to negative factors. Lastly, concerning the environmental analysis, it was established that there was widespread complaints from customers concerning the environment from which they were subjected to view these movies. For example, it was affirmed by several customers that the environments were disorderly and some activities usually took place that acted as disruptions during move viewing. However, environmental factors still provides more positive factors for the theater industry as co mpared to negative attributed factors. Future Direction The movie theater industry is in future characterized by several developments that are likely to revolutionize the entire industry. Nonetheless, this revolution is likely to revolve around digital technology.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Macro-Environment Analysis of ‘A Horror Show at the Cinemaplex’ Using PESTE Approach specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The digital technology is likely to turn and revolutionize the movie theater industry by packaging these movie products into new digital media (Nelmes, 2001). For that matter, Movie Theater products are likely to expand and reach more potential clients than it is the case in the current times. Moreover, the future trends of the film industry is leading to an online showcasing where movie theater products will be marketed and exhibited using online technology. For instance, the technologi cal players’ are shaping the industry towards this direction. The best example is the YouTube technology which is an online service supported by Google. This technology enables viewing of movies and other films online. Therefore, it is evident that the future direction of the film industry is heading to online viewing which will enable film lovers to view their preferred film and film stars in any place irrespective of the geographical location. Internet technology will also turn out the film industry into a virtual film industry which is directly opposite to the current arrangement of the industry. The requirement that one needs to be in a certain physical location to entertain himself or herself from Movie Theater is likely to change due to amalgamation of internet technology. Consequently, due to faster development of internet technologies such as wireless devices and mobile technologies, several remote locations will be connected which were not covered with physical movie theaters (Kerr, 1986). As a result this is likely to increase the rate of people appreciating film industry as a resource for entertainment. Moreover, in respect to social aspects of the societies, there is a drastic shift in respect to social media and networks. The new and future pattern is the application of web 2.0 technologies which have been entrenched in diverse social networks (Pendakur, 1990). Therefore, the film and movie theater industry have no option but to appreciate this technologies and apply them in their operations.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In addition, the traditional film technology had been characterized by large sizes and bulkiness. However, technology is now transforming this approach by coming up with ubiquitous gadgets. This is going to shape the future of the film industry. It can be proved from the use of potable ICT devices that are already in use today and therefore, film industry is likely to take the same route. In addition, the trend of the technological improvement is going towards avatars and seamless standards which will be capable to move from one platform to another. As a result, the auxiliary technology will go through enhancements to have a better and improved 3 dimension visualization. Moreover, this will also help in saving substantial amount of capital since transfer from one format to the next will be highly valued in the film industry. Furthermore, economics will influence the film industry in a number of ways. For instance, due to economic crisis that constantly affect the world, it is likely to have adverse effects on the film industry. Therefore, the industry is likely to face some scarcity of resources in the near future since recession and ever declining consumer purchasing power is also likely to have some adverse effects to the industry (Benshoff n Sean, 2004). References Benshoff, H. Sean, G. (2004) America on film. UK, Blackwell Publishing. Kerr, P. (1986) The Hollywood film industry: a reader. New York, Routledge Kegan Paul plc. Nelmes, J. (2001) An Introduction to film Studies. New York, Routledge. Pendakur, M. (1990) The Political Economy of the Canadian Film Industry. Canada, Wayne State University Press. Williams, T. Adrian, G. (1997) The Business Approach training. England, Gower Publishing Ltd. This case study on Macro-Environment Analysis of ‘A Horror Show at the Cinemaplex’ Using PESTE Approach was written and submitted by user Adelynn P. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here. Macro

Human Cloning essays

Human Cloning essays Imagine a world without cancer, leukemia, baldness, kidney failure, heart disease, Alzheimers, Parkinsons, and dozens of other diseases. No couple would be infertile, and gay people could have children of their own. No more endangered species would be announced, and ones that are already endangered would have their population increased to a safe level. This is a world of human cloning. All of these things and more would be possible if humans were able to create genetic copies of other humans. If you think cloning humans is nothing but science fiction, and is hundreds of years away, you are greatly mistaken. It is likely that by the year 2005 we will have the first successfully cloned human baby. Scientists have already cloned other mammals, the first being Dolly, the sheep, and tadpoles were successfully cloned by John Gurdon during the 1970s. Cloning is no longer in the future, but very much in the present. Cloning is a developing procedure in which a genetic copy is made from an existing organism. Cloning humans takes a specific procedure called somatic cell nuclear transfer. Many myths surround the idea of cloning people. There are numerous benefits and reasons to clone human beings, but there are also many detractors. There is a lot of information about cloning out there, starting with the cloning procedure. Various ways to clone organisms exist, but the procedure that humans will probably be cloned by is called somatic sell nuclear transfer. Somatic cell nuclear transfer starts with an egg donor. The donor is just a carrier and has no relation to the clone whatsoever. A doctor then extracts the egg from the donor and further extracts the nucleus from the egg, creating an egg without a nucleus. Then, a cell is taken from the person to be cloned. This can be any cell which contains DNA. It can be taken from hair, skin, et cetera. This cell is then electronically fused with the egg that is mis...

Effective Corporate Governance- Developing an Effective Board or Essay

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Business Law Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 5

Business Law - Research Paper Example For any business or corporation to expand, agents are required in dealing with the third party on behalf of the employer (Jennings, 2012). Thus an agent is accorded authority to represent the principal when dealing with a third party. An agent may act implicitly or apparently, and thus the principal is bound to be liable to the agent’s actions and conducts when acted within the authorities accorded to him. The principal may also incur liability when the agent intentionally harms a third party (Jennings, 2012). The principal and the agent are liable for any loss or damages caused to the third party if the agent and principal’s identity are partially or fully undisclosed when dealing with the third party. A principal must indemnify the agent for any damages caused to third party if the agent acted within the actual authorities confided to him. The agent though, must indemnify the principal of any payments for any authorities exercised outside the stipulated actual or apparent authorities allowed. Fraud, extortion and other ills though may befall the third party when an agent assumes inherent powers by virtue of agent – third party relations. A popular and good example of this kind of scenario i s the Colorado Supreme Court case of Grease Monkey vs. Montoya (Jennings, 2012). Grease Monkey Holding Corporation is a Utah based corporation and Grease Monkey International Company is a fully owned subsidiary of Grease Monkey Holding Company. Arthur Sensenig was the President, Chief Operations Officer (COO) and Chairman of the Boards of Grease Monkey International, Inc. on a period between 1983 through 1991. He had broad authorities and acted as agent and chief officer of Grease Monkey. Sensenig was mandated with raising capital from banks and other lenders, up to $500,000 without the Boards approval (Davant, 2002). Between 1983 through 1991 Sensenig was able to extort money from Nick and Aver Montoya under the guise that it was an investment to Grease Monkey.

Sexual harassment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Sexual harassment - Essay Example the past several decades have witnessed a large group of women attaining higher education, both within and outside of the United States, and utilizing this education to compete within the domestic workforce. Although the exhibition of women in the workforce is still small as compared to men, it nonetheless represents a trend that promises to reverse much of the disparity that has previously been elaborated upon. As a function of this particular analysis, the author will discuss sexual harassment, define it, and seek to understand its determinants to a more full and complete degree;in the hopes that such an approach can more effectively engage stakeholders with useful methodologies for which it can be reduced within the future. Regardless of the inference that the reader can have upon this particular topic, it must be understood that creating a more proactive, rather than reactive, human resources department is the single most effective task that can be done in order to diminish sexua l harassment within any particular workplace. â€Å"Harassment can include â€Å"sexual harassment† or unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, and other verbal or physical harassment of a sexual nature†¦.Harassment does not have to be of a sexual nature, however, and can include offensive remarks about a person’s sex. For example, it is illegal to harass a woman by making offensive comments about women in general. Both victim and the harasser can be either a woman or a man, and the victim and harasser can be the same sex. Although the law doesn’t prohibit simple teasing, offhand comments, or isolated incidents that are not very serious, harassment is illegal when it is so frequent or severe that it creates a hostile or offensive work environment or when it results in an adverse employment decision (such as the victim being fired or demoted)† (EEC, 2014). Unfortunately, as might be expected, the introduction of women into the workforce has created a situation by

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) System

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) System Literature review 2.1 RFID The Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) system is a technology for automated  identification. Exploration of RFID technology dates back to 1948 when Harry Stockman published his  research titled Communication by means of the reflected power. Unfortunately technologies such as  integrated circuits, transistors and microprocessors were not yet available and RFID had to wait another  20 years for its first commercial application (Landt 2005). Between 1970 and 1980 several research  laboratories and academic institutions carried out work on RFID implementations for animal tracking,  theft prevention, item labelling and access control systems (Want 2006). Regardless of these  applications, RFID systems remained obscure for many years. The first significant change to this  occurred in the early nineties when companies across the world began to use RFID tags on a large scale  due advancements in their energy efficiency and size reductions (Landt 2005).   Todays systems are usually composed of either passive or active RFID tags and RFID readers.  Active tags contain their own power source and thereby can transmit stronger signals and can be  accessed from further distances. Most commonly they operate on the ultra-high frequency (UHF) band  and can achieve up to 100 metres range depending on the surrounding environment (Weinstein 2005).  There are currently two types of active tags. Transponders, also called semi-active tags, and Beacons.  Transponders stay in standby mode until receiving signal from the reader and then transmit a signal  back. Beacons emit signals and advertise their presence at pre-set intervals. Because of their on board  power source, active tags are expensive, priced from $20 to $70 and vary in size from 2 centimetres  upwards (Williams et al. 2014). Passive tags do not incorporate a power supply and are powered by the  electromagnetic signal received from the reader through the tags antenna. The y operate on low, high  and ultra-high frequency with signals ranging up to 10 metres depending on the tags backscatter power  (Weinstein 2005). The smallest passive tags can be size of a grain of rice and cost 1/10 of the price of  the active tag (Williams et al. 2014).   Silva, Filipe and Pereira (2008) proposes a RFID based student attendance recording system  that comprises of RFID readers operating at the 125 Kilohertz (KHz) frequency with an effective read  range up to 10 15 centimetres and passive RFID tags embedded into plastic cards. The tags store a  binary identifier which is unique to each student. Readers are connected to the local network with RJ45  connector through which they transfer scanned tag id to the server using the Transmission Control  Protocol / Internet Protocol (TCP/IP). At least one reader is mounted in each of the classrooms and  students need to take their card out and place it near the reader in order to register their attendance.   Nainan, Parekh and Shah (2013) claimed that a similar RFID attendance registration system setup  decreased the time needed to record a students attendance by 98% compared to the manual entry  method. Collected data shows that the RFID system was able to record the attendance of 5 students per  second, however considering the short effective read range we have to conclude that multiple readers  were used during that experiment to achieve such result. Despite advances over the paper based  registers, efficiency of attendance systems based on passive RFID tags is limited by the number of  readers located in the classroom. Analogous systems based on the active RFID technology could  increase ids collection efficiency by scanning multiple tags simultaneously from a further distance  (Yoon, Chung and Less 2008), however such systems would introduce a number of additional  technological and social issues. Bandwidth limitations coerce RFID tags to share a common broadcast  frequency and as a consequence multiple tags responding concurrently to the same reader can cause  packet collisions. Therefore to solve these issues, advanced anti-collision algorithms and methods must  be employed during development process (Bin, Kobayashi and Shimizu 2005). Increased reading range  additionally raises serious privacy concerns as the users location could be tracked without their own  consent (Ferguson, Thornley and Gibb, 2014). 2.2 Biometrics Numerous properties must be satisfied to categorise the biological measurement of a human  physiological or behavioural characteristic as biometrics. The characteristics should be unique, every  person should have it and it needs to be accessible so it can be measured. There are a number of different  studies exploring biometric authentication for attendance registration systems. 2.2.1 Voice recognition Recent experiments by Dey et al. (2014) explore the capabilities of an attendance registration  system based on voice recognition. The main core of the system is a Linux OS server integrated with a  computer telephony interface (CTI) card and pre-installed with interactive voice response (IVR)  software. The server is accessible only from the previously pre-defined phones which are installed in  the classrooms. Using installed phones users have to record a reference voice sample to enrol into the  system. During enrolment users are provided with a unique four digit speaker identification then they  are asked to read for 3 minutes text of their own choice. Enrolled users can register their attendance by  entering the previously received speaker identification number and then answering some simple random  questions generated by the system. The system logs user attendance if the recorded speech matches the  stored reference sample. Initial system evaluation performed o n the group of 120 students indicated  very low efficiency. In order to achieve 94.2% recognition rate, each user needs to produce at least a 50  seconds sample. Authentication time is additionally extended by an average 26 seconds computational  time needed to analyse provided speech sample. Additional limitations come with the maximum number  of 32 concurrent calls that each server can handle. In essence, a long compulsory enrolment process,  the unnecessary burden of remembering a personal speaker identification number and the poor  registration efficiency time make the system a poor candidate for large group registers.   2.2.2 Fingerprints According to Akinduyite et al. (2013) fingerprint attendance management systems can be more  reliable and efficient than the voice based equivalent. They have achieved 97.4% recognition accuracy  with an average registration time of 4.29 seconds per student. The system implements fingerprint  scanners connected to a centralised server through the existing Wi-Fi infrastructure. As with the voice  recognition system, an administrator has to capture reference fingerprint data from every user before  the system can be used. Collected fingerprint templates are stored on the server in a Microsoft SQL  Server database and later used to match scanned samples. Almost identical recognition rate of 98.57%  was achieved by Talaviya, Ramteke and Shete (2013) in the similar fingerprint system setup. Analogous  to the RFID based systems, the efficiency is closely related to the total number of the available scanners.   2.2.3 Automated Face recognition All of the prior systems require users to provide a biometric sample manually by using one of  the available scanners located in the environment. Kawaguchi et al. (2005) proposed a considerably  different solution which automates sample collection. They introduced a face recognition method based  on continuous observation. The system requires two cameras streaming live data to the centralized unit  with preinstalled face detection and recognition software. The first camera, called the sensing camera  is installed on the ceiling and points towards the rooms sitting area. The second camera, called the  capturing camera is located in front of the seats to capture students faces. The sensing camera scans  over the room in order to detect seats occupied by the students. Received image data is analysed using  the Active Student Detecting (ASD) method developed by Nishiguchi et al. (2003). Once a student is  detected, the system directs the capturing camera to the found lo cation. The face image collected from  the capturing camera is then processed by the system and the students attendance is recorded if a  matching template is found. Experiments in which the described system was evaluated on a group of  12 students revealed 80% accuracy in engaged seats detection and the same level during face detection.  The whole experiment took 79 minutes in which 8 scanning cycles were performed, resulting in 70%  total accuracy for the attendance registering. Despite advances in automated biometric samples  collection, the described system seems to be inefficient, especially if we consider time required to  collect and analyse samples on such small group of students. Additional issues may arise if there are  any obstructions in the room which can restrict the cameras view or if a low ceiling prevents sensing  camera from covering the entire seating area. 2.2.4 Summary The biometric systems have many advantages over the other authentication technologies. The  biometric characteristics are tightly linked to the owner and can prevent identity theft, are difficult to  duplicate and are very convenient as they are always available. Despite all these advances, all the  biometric systems share serious ethical, social and security implications. It was evidenced by many  researchers that there is a fear of biometric technologies on the whole. The individuals and potential  system users are concerned about privacy, autonomy, bodily integrity, dignity, equity and personal  liberty (Mordini and Tzovaras 2012; Kumar and Zhang 2010). The system administrators have  additional overhead with the security of the collected biometric data. The individual biometric  characteristic cannot be replaced if they get stolen, therefore the legal responsibilities whilst storing this  kind of data are colossal. 2.3 Wi-Fi An interesting and novel attendance registration method was proposed by Choi, Park and Yi  (2015). The authors created a system which incorporates Wi-Fi technology built into smartphone  devices. They had developed two versions of a smartphone application, one for the lecturers and one  for the students. When a class session starts the lecturer has to create a Wi-Fi Access Point (AP) using  his version of the application. The students attend the lecture and scan for the available Wi-Fi Access  Points and if the lecturers AP is discovered and students device stays in its range for specified amount  of time then attendance registration process is triggered. To overcome limitations with the maximum  number of concurrent connections that single AP can handle, the created students version scans only  for the nearby networks but never connects to the found APs. Attendance is registered by submitting a  Message Digests 5 (MD5) hash token that combines a Service Set Identif ier (SSID) of the found AP  and students smartphone Media Access Control (MAC) address. The hash token is uploaded to the  server which verifies submitted data and registers the students attendance in the local store. The system  architecture requires collection of the reference MAC address of all the students for the purpose of the  later validation. The study does not describe what smartphone models were used throughout the  experiment, but it seems that they did not consider privacy features on iOS devices. According to Apple  (2013), since the release of iOS 7.0, the MAC identifier is no longer accessible through third party  applications, moreover after iOS 8.0 release, real device MAC address is hidden from the access points  and swapped with a randomly generated one (Apple 2015 A). Taking into account that over 98% of  iOS devices run on iOS 7.0 and above (Apple 2015 B), only confirms that the proposed system design  should be reviewed again. 2.4 Other 2.4.1 QR Code with face recognition Fadi and Nael (2014) combined biometrics with Quick Response Codes (QR). The proposed  methodology requires lecturers to generate a unique QR code and display it in the class. In order to  register their attendance, students need to download a mobile application, install it on their smartphones  and use it to scan the presented QR code. The scanned code is then submitted to the server via the  existing University Wi-Fi infrastructure. Furthermore the application performs an identity check by  scanning the students facial image which is later used to create matching score by analysing a reference  image stored on the servers. Lecturer can manually validate submitted images to confirm a students  identity if a low matching score raises any concerns. The QR code image could be effortlessly forwarded  to other students outside the classroom, therefore the system also collects a location stamp on the code  submission. The apparent vulnerability of the system lies in the number of technologies that it depends  on. Authors assumed that every student will have a smartphone device with front and back facing  cameras for the facial images and the QR scans and also a Global Positioning System (GPS) module  which will be accessible during the registration stage. Each classroom has to be also equipped with a  large screen to present codes to the students and this may not always be available.  

edgar allan poe Essay -- essays research papers fc

Edgar Allan Poe was a nineteenth century author best known for his poetry and stories of terror, grief, revenge, and death. He based his stories on the influences of his childhood through much struggling. He finally achieved success at the end of his life. Edgar Allan Poe's parents were actors. His mother, Elizabeth Arnold, was the main attraction of the acting company. His father, David Poe, Jr., was a handsome but reckless man with a never ending compulsion to drink. When Edgar was still a baby, David Poe mysteriously deserted his family. His mother died shortly afterwards. Edgar Poe and his baby sister were then separated. Edgar was sent to live with Frances and John Allan by whom he felt neglected. He was in need of a maternal figure in his life. When the Allans' moved from to Virginia Edgar became infatuated with Mrs. Jane Standard, the mother of one of his classmates. He came to her when he felt unhappy at home.. He knew her for a year when she died at the age of 31, probably insane. Edgar suffered from her death and his behavior changed. He was just beginning to realize the power of his imagination and for a time he let his grief consume him (Magill's survey). Painful as this loss was , it eventually led to the creation of one of Poe's best-loved poems, " To Helen". In 1825 John Allan inherited a fortune from a wealthy uncle. Edgar was privately tutored to enter the University of Virginia. Edgar was accepted and went off to the University Of Virginia. He thrived in the unrestrictive university atmosphere. But John Allan would not give him enough money for his education. Poe turned to gambling and drinking (Gmoser). After the first term his college career was over. He was over two thousand in debt. John Allen refused to pay these debts or allow him to go back to school. In March of 1827 Poe went to Boston where he published his first book, using a false name. Tamerlane and Other Poems were published but only forty copies were printed. With little money and few friends Poe enlisted in the U.S. Army. .Poe did not like the army so he managed to get transferred to West Point. He did not do his work there so he was kicked out .He ended up going to live with relatives. Despite Poe's talent he was unable to achieve success in ... ... Annie and Ulalume. These poems also death with the theme of death. In Annabel Lee the narrator tells how he loved the maiden and how she loved him only. Then she died just like Virginia did. Poe was probably wishing he had died instead of the ones he loved. In Eldorado, Poe is telling how you should seek heaven when you are dead. Ulslume is a poem about the narrator going back to the tomb where he buried Ulalume a year ago. The narrator wants to know if the soul of the dead has left for the heaven. In these last poem's of Poe I feel that he wants to die and be with his loved ones. after Virginia died Poe had nothing to live for. After reading Poe's works you can see how his life had a great influence on his writings. If he had not suffered so much grief the brilliance of his dark imagination probably would have never come through. Works Cited 1)Lowen, Nancy. "Poe" 2)whasington square press. "Great Tales and Poems of Edgar Allan Poe" 3)Magill's Survey of American Literature. dar Allan Poe 4)Edgar Allan Poe/The work of Edgar Allan Poe (1809-1849. http://bau2.uibk.ac.at/sg/poe/Bio.html 5)Grolier Encyclopedia.

Parenting skills

What makes a good parent is when the parent isn't worried about being a good parent. 2. What are some of the common problems that children might have? Temper tantrums, sleeping problems for child and parents, toileting problems, and eating. 3. Why Is play important in the parent-child relationship? Because you need to be there commenting like a sports commentator , It shows the child that your there and you support the child. 4. Do you think you will be a good parent? Why or why not?I think I ould be a great parent because I have the patience todo anything with the child weather It comes to eating or sleeping . After watching the video I think I can easily be a good parent. 1. Why did the men say that they were ready for children? They dldnt really explain why they were ready for children mostly how they got ready. They said they had to give their relationship a bit of time so they can bond as a couple. 2. What did the men have to learn as new fathers? They had to learn how to motina ly let go there old life and grow into a father. . Do you think the fathers enjoy fatherhood more today than in the past? Why or why not? I think that they enjoy being fathers because it has made them focus on there relationship. 4. What are some of the difficulties that new fathers (and mothers) face? Having a social life, and having alone time. 1. What are some of the benefits of being â€Å"childish†? it gives reasons of why not to do things. 2. Why does Svitak say that adults should listen and earn from kids and not Just have kids learning from kids?Do you agree? Why or why not? I disagree because in reality children aren't trusted to teach parents. 3. Why is trust important in the relationship between kids and adults for learning to take place? Because if you dont trust someone you restrict them. 4. Do you agree with Svitak that parents and adults should have high expectations for kids? Why? Yes because later in life when you reach your expectation you can probably excee d higher than your expectations. Parenting skills What makes a good parent is when the parent isn't worried about being a good parent. 2. What are some of the common problems that children might have? Temper tantrums, sleeping problems for child and parents, toileting problems, and eating. 3. Why Is play important in the parent-child relationship? Because you need to be there commenting like a sports commentator , It shows the child that your there and you support the child. 4. Do you think you will be a good parent? Why or why not?I think I ould be a great parent because I have the patience todo anything with the child weather It comes to eating or sleeping . After watching the video I think I can easily be a good parent. 1. Why did the men say that they were ready for children? They dldnt really explain why they were ready for children mostly how they got ready. They said they had to give their relationship a bit of time so they can bond as a couple. 2. What did the men have to learn as new fathers? They had to learn how to motina ly let go there old life and grow into a father. . Do you think the fathers enjoy fatherhood more today than in the past? Why or why not? I think that they enjoy being fathers because it has made them focus on there relationship. 4. What are some of the difficulties that new fathers (and mothers) face? Having a social life, and having alone time. 1. What are some of the benefits of being â€Å"childish†? it gives reasons of why not to do things. 2. Why does Svitak say that adults should listen and earn from kids and not Just have kids learning from kids?Do you agree? Why or why not? I disagree because in reality children aren't trusted to teach parents. 3. Why is trust important in the relationship between kids and adults for learning to take place? Because if you dont trust someone you restrict them. 4. Do you agree with Svitak that parents and adults should have high expectations for kids? Why? Yes because later in life when you reach your expectation you can probably excee d higher than your expectations.

Cunard Line, Ltd Essay

Cunard Line Ltd. is a cruise line that represents luxury and class providing four to five star cruise ship options. Their overall target market is mature adults with mid to very high income-levels. A lot of the marketing efforts put forth by Cunard were going towards tactical efforts and the promotion of individual ships as opposed to the promotion of the entire brand. Although most of the ads portrayed the same look and had an individually tailored paragraph and/or photo. Set backs caused by the worldwide recession as well as the Iraq War has caused Cunard the dilemma of risking their prestigious company image to provide consumers with larger discounts or develop other marketing strategies that will seek to maintain their 90% occupancy rate without lowering their high quality position. It created more pressure for the creation of â€Å"sales oriented† marketing, which would jeopardize their high-class image. With competitors such as Carnival who are able to provide large discounts, it makes it difficult for Cunard to avoid using the same approach in order to compete. Segmentation Strategy Cunard seems to have taken a Concentrated Marketing approach to segmentation. Generally, they focus on one target market – the upper class. Although this can be seen as a disadvantage in an economy experiencing a recession, by segmenting based on this niche income and lifestyle, Cunard is able to tailor their services specifically to them rather than targeting more than one market and not providing the best service possible. Not only do their advertisements and brand perception demonstrate this segmentation but they make efforts to communicate personally with their clients. This is demonstrated through through letters that they send with personalized marketing messages, tailored specifically to the needs of their customers. Price/Quality Relationship The concept of price/quality relationship is heavily integrated into the target market that Cunard has chosen. Along with their brand image, the high price of their services gives off a perceived high quality. Although services are generally intangible, services such as providing reservations for an entire mealtime in their five-star cruise ship is merely one example of how Cunard tries to maintain this price/quality relationship. With the price that consumers pay, they come to expect the best service for their dollar. Generally those who pay these high amounts believe that money is no object as long as they receive a great quality product or service. Satisfaction would mean that they reached or exceeded the expectations consumers had of the service. Cunard tries not to portray prices in their advertising or have constantly advertised sales in order to keep the price/quality relationship high and retain customers who respect this aspect of their company. Alternative Strategies There are multiple strategies that Cunard may take in order to maintain their high-class brand image while bringing in enough consumers from their target market. One of these alternatives is to create relationships with big companies and provide them with a vacation package deal. An example of this is creating a relationship with a large insurance company who is then able to create a contest for self-employed insurance advisors. As self-employed individuals they have the potential of gaining high incomes and through a contest they will be motivated to meet certain productivity requirements. Only those who qualify will be able to go on the trip and will therefore meet the high standards of the Cunard brand. This method would probably be more effective for the four star ships who cater less to those at or near the retired age and target a little bit of a lower income than the five star ships. Another alternative strategy would be to create a loyalty program for existing Cunard customers. This method can be used for customers of the four or five star ships. This loyalty program would provide occasional direct offers to customers who already have experience with Cunard and therefore will not view the deals as a lowering of standards. An example of a deal that can be provided is a selling package that is good for a year or two. This package would outline a discounted price for a set amount of people to travel on a certain cruise ship. That way, there is enough time for a customer to realistically plan out a trip while providing an incentive for them and encourage more action as opposed to a regular priced ad. Lastly, an alternative that can be taken is to build relationships with various large companies with employees who make an income in the target range and make offers to company executives. This method would not downplay the company image because Cunard would be communicating directly with high-income executives and furthermore will not be making any public sales or advertisements. This method would create new potential customers who are directly in the target market of choice using the method of relationship building. This may also result in additional customer retention. This method can be used for both the four and five star ships. In order to attract the target market of the five star ships, Cunard can make an arrangement with a company to offer a deal with their luxury ships as part of a retirement plan. Recommendations As a general recommendation, Cunard should focus on brand loyalty and relationships. Marketing efforts should go towards the advertising of the overall brand rather than individual ships while the rest of the company’s efforts should go towards relationship building. These relationships will then in turn target certain customers to certain ships through Cunard’s arrangements with companies. Considering the situation regarding the recession and war, Cunard should focus heavily on the strategy of building relationships with companies who can create vacation contest packages for their employees. During the time of a recession, anyone would appreciate an incentive to make more money and the opportunity to gain something from it. By winning something so prestigious, consumers gain confidence as well as social benefits, which can initially be their motivation. If it is a large company, there is potential for many qualifiers who can turn into loyal customers whether it be through the continuation of the contest yearly, or by their own personal desire to continue their relationship with Cunard. These contests will not jeopardize the high-quality image of the company because through negotiation, Cunard can insure that the qualification requirements are at a level where when achieved, it will be viewed as prestigious. If this contest continues yearly, Cunard can maintain their customer value, satisfaction and trust and therefore have customer retention. This will result in less price sensitivity, positive word of mouth, returning customers and a long lasting relationship. If Cunard continues to use marketing to market their entire company while bringing their services directly to their desired market, they can ensure a 90% occupancy and the continuation of a high-class cruise ship operation.

Sickle Cell Anemia Essays - RTT, Hematopathology, Hemoglobins

Sickle Cell Anemia Essays - RTT, Hematopathology, Hemoglobins Sickle Cell Anemia The problem is that sickle cell anemia affects about 72,000 Americans in the United States. Sickle cell anemia is an inherited disease in which the body is unable to produce normal hemoglobin, an iron-containing protein. Abnormal hemoglobin can morph cells that can become lodged in narrow blood vessels, blocking oxygen from reaching organs and tissues. The effects of sickle cell anemia are bouts of extreme pain, infectious, fever, jaundice, stroke, slow growth, organ, and failure. Sickle cell anemia hurts many people today in fact it hurts about 72,000 Americans. But some doctors are finding cures for this inherited disease. This disease causes mainly strokes and fever. With this disease a stroke is not predictable, a stroke can happen as early as a one month old as a baby. It can hurt a person really bad because it causes them to not be able to do many things like can't play sports, and things that gets your heart pumping because if the red blood cells gets clogged up it can causes a stroke because oxygen can't flow. Most Americans who have sickle cell anemia are of African descent. The disease also affects Americans from the Caribbean, Central America, and parts of South America, Turkey, Greece, Italy, the Middle East and East India. Since sickle cell anemia is an inherited disease if both parents have the trait for sickle cell, their baby's chances of having sickle cell disease is one in four. Many doctors are trying to find cures for this disease by trying the solution on patients. Doctors at Emory University and University of Mississippi Medical Center in Jackson, Chicago. Doctors in Emory University in Atlanta credited an experimental stem cell transplant that for the first time is not from a related donor. This transplant cured the inherited disease from Keone Penn who is 13 years old from Georgia. He suffered a stroke at 5 years old and had a fever of 106 degrees, I almost died (Ferraro, Newspaper Article) What the doctors did was replaced the boy's bone marrow with stem cells taken from the umbilical cord blood of an infant not related to him. Dr. Ruby Bellevue of New York Methodist Hospital in Brooklyn has patient that he wants to do the transplant procedure on, but he is waiting for more studies to come out to see what the long-term effects are. Some effects could be rejection, complications, and/or death. For many years, doctors could only treat the sickle cell di sease with blood transfusions and antibiotics. But until now, the only hope for a cure has been through bone marrow transplants, dangerous and rarely performed because they require a match between donor and the person receiving it. The good thing about stem cell transplants is does not require as precise a match. For Keone the 13 years old kid was worth it. I am happy. This has been my wish my whole life, to not have sickle cell. (Ferraro, Newspaper Article) The doctors of University of Mississippi Medical Center use Doppler ultrasound to examine head and neck blood flow. The ultrasound measures the speed of the blood in the vessels. Early detection can help and decrease the risk of stroke. The program involved in this problem is the National Institutes of Health declared September as Sickle Cell Awareness Month. The educational and research organization have promoted awareness of sickle cell disease, a group of inherited disorders characterized by anemia which means a reduced number of red blood cell and the production of sickle hemoglobin is a molecule found in red blood cells that carries oxygen from the lungs to other parts of the body. My suggestion for dealing with this problem is to go to the doctor to get an examination if you play any sports or go for a jog or run and experiment any difficulty breathing. If you don't have trouble breathing, maybe if you feel dizzy or feel like you about to blackout when you do something I recommend going to the doctors for an examination. It is better to find out the problem first before you will experiment a stroke a high fever that can cause a death. I think early detection help a lot and could

The cost of taking a family or individual spring break trip to florida Essay

The cost of taking a family or individual spring break trip to florida - Essay Example The website Traveling2Florida.com presents many interesting facts about Florida which can be helpful for a family or even an individual. More so, the lay-out of the website is organized and easy-to-read devoid of distractions such as girls wearing skimpy swimsuits. Perhaps, the website mainly targets families and couples. The main webpage presents different locations in Florida that can be visited such as Orlando, Tampa, Miami Beach, Fort Lauderdale and Florida keys. Per location, a certain suggestion is written like bringing children to Orlando for the theme parks or staying at Fort Lauderdale to avoid the collegiate crowd. On the right column of the webpage, many interesting news articles for travelers are presented such as vacation theme parks, rules in house rentals, place for animal lovers, places to go shopping and other articles that are very helpful to someone visiting Florida for the first time. It is also implied in the webpage that they are connected to a network of vacati on rentals which they promote as cheaper way to spend vacation than to stay in hotels. The information on the cost of house rentals cannot be found on the main page, rather, one must browse the link to Find Florida Vacation Rentals. In this website , different accommodations are presented depending on the customer’s budget and requirements. One good thing about this page is that there are interactive menus that you can fill-up on the right side of this webpage. In this section, one can do a property search to check the availability of the properties as matched to one’s date of arrival. As a sample, I browsed the Green Reef 11 accommodation to read about the amenities provided. It was a pleasant surprise to see a condominium facing the beach with emerald green waters. The place is spacious enough to accommodate 8 guests and has numerous decks that will guarantee lots of basking in the sun.

Overview of Qualitative Research Study-Terence Essay

Overview of Qualitative Research Study-Terence - Essay Example This research method answers the how and why of decision making. It goes further than quantitative research method which only answers the where, what, and when? This paper aims at dissecting qualitative research to gain an understanding on the characteristics of the research design and to know when and where it is appropriate for use. A sample size refers to a subset of a population that gets selected for a given study. Sample size is a vital aspect of any research study. It provides for a basis from which inferences about a population can be determined. It refers to the number of observation used to calculate or determine the characteristics of a given population (Barbour, 2013). When undertaking sample size determination for qualitative studies, it is vital to know that there are no fixed or fast rules. However, it is important to give at least two considerations when coming up with the sample size. The first consideration should be how large does the sample need to be to enable the identification of consistent patterns. The sample size should be large enough to leave the researcher with nothing left to learn or no emergent trend. The second consideration should be how large the sample should be to provide a reflection of the target population. The sample size must be large enough to help assess an appropriate amount of diversity represented across the target population. Under qualitative studies, the researcher may estimate the sample size base on his or her data collection methods or the approach of their study. For example when undertaking a case study approach in a qualitative study, the researcher selects one case or one person. Another example can be when using focus group discussions as a data collection method. The researcher gets to create groups that average 5-10 people each (Silverman, 2013). The researcher also has to consider the number of focus groups that will be